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6 Development - DR Congo - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Wars, corruption and resource theft
      - Around 6m conflict-related deaths since 1996
      - Population growth causes food shortages
    - - Small coastline and huge distances
      - Rainforest restricts farming and transport
      - Droughts and floods damage crops
    - - Economy depends on farming and raw materials
      - Agriculture: 42% of GDP
      - Resource wealth often benefits foreign companies
    - - DRC is at Stage 2: preconditions for take-off
      - TNC investment improved health and education
      - Conflict and corruption prevent Stage 3
    - - None achieved; progress is mixed
      - Poverty: 71% → 63%
      - Malnutrition: 51% → 66%
      - 90% start primary school; 72% finish
      - HIV: 5% → 1%
      - Deforestation increased
      - 33m lack clean water; only 29% have improved sanitation
      - China invested $6bn in infrastructure
- - - - Benefits
        
        4,000 direct and 20,000 indirect jobs
        
        $31m invested in infrastructure and services
        
        Built/refurbished 12 schools
      - Costs
        
        Displacement and deforestation
        
        Mercury pollutes water
        
        Small mines close
        
        Profits leave for Canada
        
        Creates dependence
    - - Benefits
        
        $95m invested in communications
        
        Jobs and modern technology
        
        Attracts other businesses
      - Costs
        
        Profits leave for France
        
        Pays little tax
        
        Rural access remains limited
        
        Government can restrict internet access
  - - - Reduces poverty, inequality and disease
      - Supports healthcare, education and SDGs
    - - Can create dependence
      - Corruption may divert aid
      - Aid may be unsuitable
- - - - Large, expensive government/TNC projects
      - Often require borrowing
      - Local people have little input
      - Grand Inga Dam
        
        Proposed on Congo River
        
        Could produce 40,000 MW
        
        Cheaper energy, exports and jobs
        
        Costs $80bn
        
        Floods Bundi Valley
        
        Displaces 30,000+ people
        
        Electricity may not reach poor areas
        
        Risk of corruption
    - - Small, low-cost NGO/community projects
      - Locals help make decisions
      - Uses appropriate, maintainable technology
      - TRIDE
        
        Covers 137 villages in eastern DRC
        
        Improves farming, clean water and sanitation
        
        Involves local leaders, women and young people
        
        Benefits
        
        Reduces disease and improves irrigation
        
        Sustainable and low environmental impact
        
        Costs
        
        Benefits a small area
        
        Few new jobs or wider benefits
        
        Does not attract TNC investment