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Sodium Imbalances - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Primary hyperaldosteronism
        
        Increased aldosterone -> increased sodium absorption
      - Cushing's syndrome
      - Renal artery stenosis
      - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  - - - Sweating
      - Burns
    - - Hyperventilation
    - - Osmotic diarrhoea
      - Fistulas
    - - Central DI
      - Nephrogenic DI
      - Diuresis
        
        Hyperglycemia
        
        Mannitol
        
        Diuretics
- - - - Pain and stress causes release of ADH
        
        Reabsorbs more water
      - Iatrogenic causes (too much fluid replacement)
  - - - Reduces cardiac output and renal blood flow
        
        Release of ADH # #
    - - Low ACTH, then low cortisol
        
        Cortisol usually suppresses ADH release
        
        Low cortisol, high ADH
  - - - Reabsorbs more water
      - Only seen in euvolemia, because hypo and hypervolemia trigger appropriate release of ADH
    - - Ectopic ADH production in malignancies
        
        Small cell lung carcinoma
        
        Mesothelioma
        
        Gastric, pancreas cancer
      - Cranial compression of pituitary gland
        
        TBI
        
        Stroke
        
        Haemorrhage
        
        Meningitis / encephalitis
        
        Brain abscesses
        
        Guillain Barre syndrome
      - Medications
        
        SSRIs (eg. sertraline)
        
        Amitripyline
        
        Antipsychotics
        
        May cause dry mouth due to anticholinergic effects
        
        Carbamazepine
        
        Vincristine
- - - - Fluid restriction
    - - Fluid replacement
    - - Diuretics to reduce fluids
- - - - Blood urea: increased
      - Low BP or postural hypotension
      - Increased thirst due to hypovolemia