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Narcolepsy - Coggle Diagram
Narcolepsy
Symptoms
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Unexpected sleep attacks
Involuntary naps
Exhaustion
Trouble focusing
Memory issues
Restless legs syndrome
Anxiety
Depression
Headaches
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hallucinations
Vivid dreams/nightmares
Disturbed nighttime sleep
Reduced quality of life
Prognosis
May occur with/without cataplexy
Cognitive abnormalities
Affective abnormalities
Metabolic abnormalities
Autonomic abnormalities
Improved cataplexy with treatment
Improved daytime sleepiness
Long-term management
Medication + healthy sleep + planned naps
Future immune-modulating therapies
Gene therapy
Stem cell therapy
Orexin substitution
Potential to slow disease progression
Treatment
No known cure
Symptom management
Patient education
Healthy sleep habits
Avoid sleep deprivation
Regular sleep cycles
Brief, timed naps
Sodium oxybate
Amphetamines
Methylphenidate
Modafinil
Armodafinil
Long-term/lifetime medication
Signs
Periodic limb movements
Sleepwalking
Sudden muscle control loss
Cataplexy
Involuntary movements during sleep
Disturbed nighttime sleep
Short sleep intervals
Frequent overnight awakenings
Respiratory disorders
Etiology
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Autoimmune reaction
Traumatic brain injury
Destruction of orexin-producing neurons
Lateral hypothalamus
Disrupted sleep-wake regulation
Diagnosis
Narcolepsy with cataplexy
Narcolepsy without cataplexy
Secondary narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness ≥ 3 months
Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
Overnight polysomnography