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The human body, Inhalation - Coggle Diagram
The human body
Circulation
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Blood Vessels
Arteries: Thick, muscular walls; carry oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure.
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Capillaries: Tiny, one-cell thick vessels connecting arteries and veins; site of oxygen/nutrient exchange
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Blood Components
Plasma: Fluid matrix containing water, proteins, and nutrients.
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Nutrition and digestion
Main food groups
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Fats (Lipids): Long-term energy storage, cell membranes; broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Vitamins & Minerals: Essential micronutrients for immunity, bone health, and metabolic reactions (e.g., Vitamin C, Iron, Calcium).
Water: Hydration, transportation of nutrients, and medium for chemical reactions.
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Digestive system pathway
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Mouth: Ingestion point; teeth provide mechanical digestion while saliva (amylase) chemically breaks down starches.
Esophagus: Muscular tube that pushes food down to the stomach via wavelike contractions called peristalsis.
Stomach: Churns food (mechanical) and uses gastric acid (HCl) and enzymes (protease) to break down proteins and kill bacteria.
Small Intestine: The main site of digestion and absorption. Uses pancreatic juices and bile to fully break down fats, proteins, and carbs. Lined with villi to maximize nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
Large Intestine: Absorbs excess water and salts from undigested food, turning it into feces.
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