Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

7 UK in the 21st century - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel and Celtic Sea.
      - UK = England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
      - Great Britain = England, Scotland and Wales.
      - British Isles = Great Britain, Ireland and surrounding islands.
      - Western Europe, 35 km from France.
    - - Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous.
      - Northern Ireland: Sperrin Mountains, Mourne Mountains, Antrim Plateau.
      - Pennines run through northern England.
      - South and east England are low, flat and heavily populated.
      - Mountains have fewer settlements because they are difficult to build on.
    - - Wettest: North and west (up to 2800 mm/year).
      - Driest: South and east (500–749 mm/year).
      - Average UK rainfall: 800–1400 mm/year.
    - - Longest river: River Severn (354 km).
      - Second longest: River Thames (346 km).
      - Largest lake: Loch Neagh.
      - Most water: Loch Ness.
      - Deepest: Loch Morar.
      - Longest lake: Loch Awe.
    - - Relief rainfall
        
        Moist Atlantic air rises over mountains.
        
        Air cools → condenses → rain.
        
        Creates a dry rain shadow on the other side.
      - Frontal rainfall (most common)
        
        Warm air meets cold polar air.
        
        Warm air rises over cold air.
        
        Heavy rain forms.
      - Convectional rainfall
        
        Sun heats the ground.
        
        Warm air rises, cools and condenses.
        
        Produces heavy showers and thunderstorms (mainly summer).
    - - Although the UK gets lots of rain:
        
        Most rain falls in the north and west.
        
        Most people live in the south and east.
    - - Transfer water by pipelines.
      - Build reservoirs.
      - Fix leaks and encourage water saving.
      - Install water meters.
  - - - UK average: 281 people/km².
      - Urban areas: over 5000 people/km².
      - Rural areas: fewer than 50 people/km².
    - - High population because of:
        
        Flat land.
        
        Jobs.
        
        Good transport.
        
        Reliable water.
        
        Fertile land.
        
        Mild climate.
      - Low population because of:
        
        Mountains.
        
        Poor transport.
        
        Poor soils.
        
        Remote locations.
    - - Grassland: 52%
      - Arable farming: 20%
      - Forest: 12%
      - Urban: 14%
      - Water: 1%
      - Other: 1%
    - - West: Grassland → dairy, beef and sheep.
      - Wales/highlands: Rough pasture → sheep.
      - South & East England: Arable farming (crops and flowers).
      - North England, Wales & Scotland: Conifer forests for timber.
    - - Causes:
        
        Population growth.
        
        Urban expansion.
        
        Green Belt restrictions.
        
        Local opposition to new housing.
        
        Rising land prices.
      - Effects:
        
        Around 250,000 homes are needed each year.
        
        Only about half are built.
        
        House prices continue to rise.
- - - - UK population: 67.3 million.
      - Expected to reach 70 million by 2030.
      - Growth caused by:
        
        Natural increase (births > deaths).
        
        Net migration (more people enter than leave).
    - - Internal: Movement within the UK.
      - International: Movement between countries.
      - Industrial Revolution caused people to move from rural areas to cities.
      - Today, 1 in 6 people in England and Wales were born outside the UK.
    - - Stage 1: High birth & death rates.
      - Stage 2: Death rate falls.
      - Stage 3: Birth rate falls.
      - Stage 4 (UK): Low birth & death rates.
      - Stage 5: Birth rate below death rate (possible future).
    - - 18% of people are over 65.
      - More common in south & east coastal areas.
      - Causes greater demand for healthcare and pensions.
    - - 18% of the UK population is from ethnic minority groups.
      - Bristol is very diverse:
        
        28.4% ethnic minority population.
        
        Boosts culture, tourism and the economy.
- - - - Primary – Farming.
      - Secondary – Manufacturing.
      - Tertiary – Services (largest sector).
      - Quaternary – Research & IT.
    - - Changed from Primary → Secondary → Tertiary/Quaternary.
      - Caused by deindustrialisation, globalisation and technology.
    - - More flexible working.
      - More women working.
      - More self-employment.
    - - Areas where businesses cluster to create jobs and growth.
      - Cambridge (Silicon Fen) – UK's main high-tech hub.
      - Other hubs: Bristol, Salford, Aberdeen, Silicon Glen.
    - - South: More jobs and investment.
      - North: More unemployment after industrial decline.
      - Solutions: Enterprise Zones, Northern Powerhouse, HS2.
    - - Linked to Cambridge University.
      - High-tech & research industries.
      - Highly skilled workforce.
      - Low unemployment.
- - - - UN – Peace, aid & development.
      - NATO – Security & defence.
      - World Bank – Development & rebuilding countries.
      - G7 – Economic & political cooperation.
    - - Syria
        
        Humanitarian aid and support for refugees.
      - Yemen
        
        Humanitarian aid and military training.
      - Afghanistan
        
        Sent troops after 9/11 to fight terrorism.
        
        Withdrew after the Taliban returned.
      - Ukraine
        
        Military, financial and humanitarian aid.
        
        Sanctions on Russia.
      - Somalia
        
        Aid, peacekeeping and anti-piracy support.
- - - - TV (e.g. Downton Abbey, X Factor).
      - Music (Ed Sheeran, The Beatles).
      - Books (Harry Potter, Shakespeare, Agatha Christie).
  - - - Migration has made the UK multicultural.
      - Ethnic groups have influenced food, music, fashion and culture.
      - They create distinctive areas with shops and restaurants.
    - - Popular foods include curry, pizza, sushi, jerk chicken and Nando's.
      - Balti Triangle (Birmingham) – famous curry area and tourist attraction.
      - Other examples: London Chinatown and Little Italy (Cardiff).