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Range of motion: amount of movement produced when a muscle shortens Power: amount of force the muscles produces Depends more on then total number of fibers its contains
Depends more on then total number of fibers its contains
Usually not powerful
With their quills inserting into 1 large tendon
Forms the roundness of the shoulder
Close by contracting General name is a sphincter
No single muscle can reverse the motion it produces For an action that 1 muscle/muscle group can do, there's another muscle(s) that can "undo" the action Groups of muscles that produce opposite movements lie on opposite sides of a given joint
Groups of muscles that produce opposite movements lie on opposite sides of a given joint
Ex: latissimus dorsi functions in adduction & extension of the shoulder
Usually, antagonist is contracted slightly
Ex: flexion of the arm by pectoralis major is antagonized by latissimus dorsi, which is a prime mover for extension of then arm
Add a little extra force to the movement or reduce undesirable extra movements Act to cancel some of these movements ** Prevent the particular movement that is inappropriate at a given time* Ex: pectoralis major (flexor of shoulder) will act as a synergist to latissimus dorsi to prevent extension
Ex: pectoralis major (flexor of shoulder) will act as a synergist to latissimus dorsi to prevent extension
So a prime mover has a stable base to move a body part
Brachial muscle (in the arm/brachium) Intercostal muscles (between the ribs/costa)
Deltoid (triangular/delta) Right & left trapezius muscles together form a trapezoid
Gluteus maximus Gluteus minimus
Always named first
Originates on the bone of brachium (humerus) Inserts on the radius
Adductor longus on the medial thigh adducts the thigh at the hip Names of many forearm & leg muscles begin with extensor & flexor
Galea aponeurotica Frontal & Occipital Belly
Neck flexion Unilateral: rotating to opposite side
Maintain normal curvatures of the spine Form a column from sacrum to the skull
Provide added strength
Allowing the descending diaphragm to push the abdominal viscera inferiorly
Flex & rotate lumbar region of vertebral column Fix & depress ribs Stabilize pelvis during walking Increase intra-abdominal pressure
Act in combination to fix shoulder girdle (mostly scapula) Move it to increase range of arm motions
Move it to increase range of arm motions
Prime mover of arm flexion Rotates arm medially Adducts arm against resistance
Moves the scapula forward [protracts] & rotates upward (like hugging)
Extends the head Shrugging & pulling shoulders back & down
Shrugging & pulling shoulders back & down
Insert on & move the humerus Some originate from scapula, others from axial skeleton
Coracoid process (short head) Supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
Long head & short head Long head is lateral Short head is medial
Long head is lateral Short head is medial
Runs within capsule & into intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) Posterior proximal shaft of humerus (lateral head) Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove (medial head)
Wrist bands: flexor retinacula & extensor retinacula
Anterior flexor Posterior extensor These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist & fingers
These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist & fingers
Common insertion tendon: quadriceps tendon Inserts into the patella & then into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Inserts into the patella & then into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Flexes knee (weak) as in a soccer kick Helps produce the cross-legged production
Steadies pelvis Important in walking
Important in walking
Especially during walking
Prime mover of dorsiflexion Inverts foot at ankle Helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot