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Governance of E-Commerce - Coggle Diagram
Governance of E-Commerce
What is Governance?
Definition
Latin: gubernare (to steer a ship)
Decision-making and exercise of authority
Guides behaviour of individuals and organisations
Characteristics
Multiple governance tools
Multiple governance channels
Technology
Social norms
Decision-making procedures
Institutional design
Not limited to government
Governance Tools
Laws & regulations
Social norms
Guidelines
Standards
Policies
Ethical principles
Command structures
Governance Beyond Government
Public sector
Private organisations
Civil society
Family & communities
Non-government actors
Technology Governance
Purpose
Govern technology development
Govern technology diffusion
Safe and secure e-commerce
Tools
Incentive programmes
Laws & regulations
Supervisory authorities
Public policies
Corporate policies
Ethical guidelines
Investment decisions
Collaboration strategies
Global Governance
Definition
Cross-border governance
Product of globalisation
Coordinates behaviour internationally
Characteristics
No global super-government
No shared authority
Governance remains territorial
Why It Is Necessary
Harmonised regulations
Reduce barriers to trade
Borderless e-commerce
Cross-border transactions
Current Weaknesses
Poor international coordination
Different national laws
Limited policy cooperation
Challenges of Governing Technology
Rapid technological development
Laws cannot keep pace
Traditional policy too slow
Technological uncertainty
Unknown risks
Difficult risk management
Technology diffusion
Society adopts technology before regulation
Example
Ride-sharing
Short-term accommodation
Fourth Industrial Revolution
AI
Blockchain
IoT
Big Data
Drones
Existing governance inadequate
Need innovative governance
Modalities of Regulation (Lawrence Lessig)
Law
Threat of punishment
Legal enforcement
Market
Price
Competition
Economic incentives
Architecture (Code)
Physical design
Software code
Technical constraints
Social Norms
Community expectations
Reputation
Social sanctions
Challenges in Governing E-Commerce
Internet Architecture
Open network
Interconnected systems
Public accessibility
No central authority
Increased misuse
Spam
Malware
Viruses
Pornography
Technology
Fast innovation
Technology convergence
New business models
E-Commerce
Digital products
Physical products
Electronic contracts
Cross-border trade
Consumer Trust
Security concerns
Cross-border remedies
Online trust issues
Cybersecurity
Cybercrime
Data breaches
Financial losses
Government response
Need global governance
Governance Levels
International
Supra-national
European Union
Regional
ASEAN
APEC
National
Malaysia (NITC)
Co-regulation
Government
Private sector
Self-regulation
Industry
NGOs
Users
Who Should Govern?
Governments
International organisations
Regional organisations
Regulatory authorities
Private companies
Industry associations
NGOs
Civil society
Consumers
Technology developers
Key Takeaways
Governance is broader than government.
Technology governance combines public and private regulation.
E-commerce requires global cooperation.
Lessig's four modalities explain behaviour regulation.
Technology evolves faster than regulation.
Multi-stakeholder governance is essential.