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LANDSCAPE AND TOURISM IN A SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVE - Coggle Diagram
LANDSCAPE AND TOURISM IN A SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVE
Landscape
one of the three configurations of territories
result of the perception of the territory
very important concept in the sustainable development of the territory
integrates the concept of social perspective on environmental resources
if we want to promote a sustainable form of tourism we must put in center this concept
Landscape: a global value
UNESCO
1972 Convention conserving the worldwide protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage
1992 Convention on World Heritage the first international legal instrument to recognize and protect cultural landscapes
EUROPEAN COUNCIL
2000 European Landscape Convention
IUCN
the worldwide organization responsible for environmental protection stresses the importance of landscape
in environmental policies by including among its protected categories "protected land and marine landscape"
Category V > defined as a "protected area intended primarily for the conservation of landscape and for purposes of recreation"
Landscape: a geographical concept
two stands of research
quantifiable and material
aspects of landscape, namely
landscape ecology
non-material
and therefore
symbolic-cultural
features of landscape by postulating a
semiology of landscape
more systemic, dependent on the observer (depending on the cultural background, society) so we have different representations of territory
semiology of landscape
there is an object that I study and this has an interpreter
first interpreter > is the one who produces the object (writer, poet, society which creates a territory, film director) > he uses some signs which can be analyzed only if there's no communication
second interpreter
receiver > activates the signs
a society produces a territory and the landscape is activated by the observer (second interpreter)
landscape > result of the activation of some units of meanings which the interpreter, among the signs, oberves
we consider our territory as a
cultural heritage
which has a
social value
, by the society who has created thi territory, and a
natural value
, the mix of the values produces the
landscape
takes in account the social dynamics and it is related to the historical stratification
Territory vs Landscape
Territory
> result of the process of territorialization
Landscape
> issue of the perception elaborated by an interpreter; multisensorial experience
depending on the interpreter we have different kinds of landscapes > i.e. a blind person perceives the landscape of Bergamo Alta in a different way from which we perceive (voices, smell, sound)
natural landscapes can be perceived everywhere, but they aren't natural at all > i.e. trees along the street are a result of the reification process, namely they are part of a plantation
Landscape and communication
important connection
senses
give the perception and through them we identify some elements which are more important than others
this
elements
together, in the semiotic analysis are considered
icons
(the basic unity of meaning of the landscape)
Semantics
Syntax
> social meaning
Pragmatics
> the performative action which is the activation of the interpreter thanks to semantics and syntax produced on social meaning that has an impact
from all different perspectives I'll be able to identify different social meanings through the landscape
some icons are recognized from all the world society (i.e. Pisa Tower, Pyramids) this represents the power of mondialization
landscape comes from the perception (vision, sound, smell, touch, taste) and from cultural values of a society (concept)
western concept > think about non-written socities in South Africa, they haven't litterature, artistic tradition...
empirical expression of territoriality (not an object or an intellectual elaboration)
changing, following the culture and visual representation presents cultural aspects of society/people who create them (mapping, painting, photography, gardens)