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Genetics, Biodiversity & Classification - Coggle Diagram
Genetics, Biodiversity & Classification
Definitions
Eukaryotic DNA: made of DNA nucleotides, phosphate group & nitrogenous base -nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds -longer - linear -associated with histones
exons: wthin a gene, coding regions
introns: within a gene, these exons are separated by one or more non-coding sequences
Prokaryotic DNA: made of DNA nucleotides, phosphate group & nitrogenous base -nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds -shorter -circular -not associated with histone proteins
Gene: base sequence of DNA that codes for -the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide -a functional RNA
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Meiosis
-creates genetically different gametes -unlike MITOSIS, 2 nuclear divisions
Meiosis I homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) are separated Meiosis II sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated
Homologous chromosomes: same gene, different allele
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Independent Segregation
-Homologous pairs randomly align at equator (random which chromosome from each pair goes into each daughter cell)
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Gene Mutations
Mutation: in a gene, change in the base sequence of the DNA -randomly occur during DNA replication
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