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Freedom of Religion :star::red_flag: - Coggle Diagram
Freedom of Religion :star::red_flag:
Establishment Clause :star:
Gov't may not:
Establish a religion
✝️🚧🏛️
Prefer a particular religion over another
✝️ >/ ☪️
Prefer religion over non-religion
✝️ >/ ⚛️
Facially religious preference = Strict Scrutiny
Free Exercise Clause :star::red_flag:
Freedom to believe in any religion or no religion ✝️☪️⚛️
Prohibits gov't interference with or discrimination against sincere religious beliefs or conduct
Gov't may determine whether professed religious belief is sincere, not whether it is reasonable or untrue
Belief versus Conduct
Belief
Absolutely protected if genuine
Conduct
Law that intentionally targets a religion's conduct
Strict Scrutiny
Laws that are generally applicable but impact religion
Rational Basis
Ministerial Exception
Protects religious organizations from civil liability for employment discrimination when they hire or fire employees who serve in ministerial roles.