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Constitutional law - Coggle Diagram
Constitutional law
3 Revolutions
American:Written constitution, popular sovereignty, checks and balances, judicial review
French:Enlightenment influence, Declaration of Rights, law as general will
English: Historical constitution, parliamentary sovereignty, Rule of Law
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Modern Constitutionalism: “Higher law”: Limits to power, protection of individuals
Hobbes: social contract, absolute sovereignty for security
Locke: Natural rights, state limited to protect rights
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19th Century: Legislative state, restricted suffrage, negative liberties
Crisis: Mass democracy, expansion of emergency powers
Totalitarianism (Fascism, Nazism): Law as instrument of power, destruction of pluralism, absorption of society by the state
Modern State:
Peace of Westphalia (3 principles): Sovereignty: Internal, external