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Language Acquisition - Coggle Diagram
Language Acquisition
Acquired through
Phonology
The acquisition of sounds in order to pronounce words.
the 5 pre-verbal stages
Basic Biological Noises (approximately 0-8 weeks)
Vocalisations: coughing, crying, a low cooing, laughing etc.
Cooing and Laughing (approximately 8-20 weeks)
Short vowel-like sounds produced
Vocal Play (approximately 20-30 weeks)
‘Cooing’ sounds develop into sounds which are much more definite and controlled.
Babbling (approximately 25-50 weeks)
Reduplicated babbling, for example [mamama].
Variegated babbling, for example [adu] and [maba].
Melodic Utterance (approximately 36-72 weeks)
Intonation, rhythm and melody develop, resulting in babies sounding more and more as though they are speaking the language
It begins at birth.
Lexis
The acquisition of words.
Naming things or people: ball, Daddy, juice, milk.
Actions or events: down, more, up.
Describing or modifying things: dirty, nice, pretty
Personal or social words: hi, bye-bye.
Semantics
The acquisition of the meaning of words.
Over Extensions
A child uses a word in a broad sense. For example, the word ‘dog’ may be used to refer to all four-legged animals with a tail.
Under Extensions
A child uses a word more narrowly than an adult would. For example, using the word ‘shoe’ only when referring to their own shoes.
Grammar
Stages of grammatical development.
Holophrastic Stage (12-18 months)
It consists of children learning and producing single word utterances that function as phrases or sentences.
For example:
‘Gone’ could mean ‘it’s all gone’
‘Teddy’ could mean ‘that’s my teddy’
‘More’ could mean ‘I want more’
Intonation plays a key role during this stage.
Children learn the ability to distinguish between interrogative, declarative and imperative phrases
‘Dada?’
‘Dada’
‘Dada!’
Two-word Stage (18-24 months)
It comprises a child using two words to form a sentence.
Baby chair’, ‘Mummy eat’ and ‘Cat bad’
Telegraphic Stage (2-3 years)
Children have acquired and start to use multiple-word utterances.
‘Amy likes tea’
‘teddy looks tired’
‘Mummy sleeps upstairs’
Pragmatic
It is not acquired immediately. This process is on-going until the age of approximately 10 years.
Halliday classified functions of language as being
INSTRUMENTAL
to express needs
REGULATORY
to control behaviours of others
INTERACTIONAL
to relate to others
HEURISTIC
to gain knowledge of the environment
PERSONAL
to express yourself
IMAGINATIVE
to use language imaginatively
INFORMATIVE
to convey facts and information