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INTERFEROMETRY, :, Experimental Setup - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Wave nature of light
      - Beam division interferometer
      - Uses coherent laser
      - Splits light into two paths
      - Recombines beams
      - Produces interference
      - Measures phase difference
      - Highly sensitive
  - - - Coherent Light
        
        Laser source
        
        Constant phase
        
        Same wavelength
        
        Produces stable interference
      - Beam Splitter (BS1)
        
        Splits laser into two beams
        
        50% reflected
        
        50% transmitted
      - Optical Paths
        
        Upper arm (Path 1)
        
        Lower arm (Path 2)
        
        Different optical path lengths
      - Phase Difference (ΔΦ)
        
        Caused by path length difference
        
        Caused by refractive index change
        
        Caused by inserted material (glass)
      - Beam Recombination (BS2)
        
        Two beams overlap
        
        Phase difference determines interference
      - Constructive Interference
        
        Beams in phase
        
        Bright fringe
        
        Maximum intensity
        
        \( I_A \propto \cos^2(\frac{\Delta \Phi}{2}) \)
      - Destructive Interference
        
        Beams out of phase
        
        Dark fringe
        
        Minimum intensity
        
        \( I_B \propto \sin^2\left(\frac{2\Delta\Phi}{2}\right) \)
  - - - Coherent light
      - Constant phase
    - - Splits beam
      - 50% reflected
      - 50% transmitted
    - - Upper arm
      - Lower arm
      - Mirrors (M1, M2)
    - - Path length
      - Refractive index
      - Glass sample
    - - Recombines beams
      - Interference
    - - Detector A
      - Detector B
      - Bright/Dark fringes