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CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT - Coggle Diagram
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT
acyanotic
ASD
types: secundum**, primum, sinus venosus ASD
size
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large - may develop congestive hf, pulmonary htn in adult
diag - widely split and fixed S2 (large ASD), ejection systolic murmur
VSD
types: perimembranous, muscular inlet, outlet
size
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moderate to large - hf, respi distress, recurrent pulm infections
large - tachy, precordial bulge, hyperdynamic precordium
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PDA
size
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large - tachycardia, tachypnea, bounding pulse, hyperdynamic precordium
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treatment - fluid restriction, antifailure, IV paracetamol (will close PDA), if not working, ibuprofen, indomethacin
other - surgical ligation
CoA
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signs
poor femoral pulse volume, associated with Turner
young children - systemic htn, incidental murmur
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adult with systemic htn, incidental murmur
since narrowing of aortic arch, perfusion to LL is poor
ada new highway (bypass intercostal artery) and give pressure to ribs, caused ribs notching on cxr
cyanotic
TOF
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-
diag
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cxr - boot shape heart, uplifted apex, oligaemic lung field sbb reduced lung vascularity (cyanotic TOF/severe)
complications - cyanotic spells, cerebral abcess
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TGA
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signs
early birth cyanosis, neonatal congestive hf, cardiac murmur may not present
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-
others
supracardiac TAPVD
O2 blood sepatutnya from pulm vein -> LA tapi dia masuk pulmonary venous drainage (last2 masuk RA, hence cyanosed)
usually associated with ASD, PFO so that still ada laluan utk O2 blood masuk LA balik
obstructed TAPVD
citer dia mcm supracardiac TAPVD tapi laluan salah tu obstructed, so O2 blood from lungs xleh masuk RA, inc pressure in lungs, so pulm edema
signs
cyanosis, respi distress, tachypnea
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