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Analysis of Variance, F-Ratio: Variance between treatments = differences…

- - - - Error term (Random and unsystematic differences)
        
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    - - Random differences should be about equal, so an f ratio near 1 means there is no treatment effect
        
        The combination of systematic and random difference in the numerator should be larger than random differences alone in denominator. In this fase the F-Ratio is noticably larger than 1.00
      - Random and unsystematic differences between and within treatment groups can be due to individual differences because samples of different participants are used. This variability is random and unsystematic and a result of sampling error.
        
        Another unsystematic variability is Error of Measurement. Tools used may introduce error (stopwatch, personality inventory, memory recall etc..)
    - - Compute SS and df for total study, analyze into two components (between and within)
        
        3 SS values, 2 df values, two variances (between, within) and a final F ratio.
  - - - Very large df values, nearly all F ratios are clustered near 1.0, with smaller df values, the distribution is more spread out
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    - - N