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Project 2: Artificial Intelligence and Digital Information - Coggle Diagram
Project 2: Artificial Intelligence and Digital Information
Source #1: (Scholarly
) Ferrer, Xavier, Tom van Nuenen, Jose M. Such, Mark Coté, and Natalia Criado. “Bias and Discrimination in AI: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective.” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2021, pp. 72–80.
Link Title
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Source Credibility
This is a scholarly article written by researchers studying AI ethics.
It was published in an academic journal.
The authors use research from computer science, ethics, and social sciences.
Main Ideas
AI systems can reproduce human biases from the data they are trained on.
Biased algorithms can create unfair outcomes for users.
AI needs ethical guidelines to prevent discrimination.
Source connection to another source: Connects to Source #2 (AI & Misinformation):
Both sources show how AI affects digital information. This source focuses on how AI can influence information through bias, while the misinformation source focuses on false information created or spread through AI.
Source #2: (Scholarly)
Dwivedi, Yogesh K., et al. “So What If ChatGPT Wrote It? Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Opportunities, Challenges and Implications of Generative Conversational AI for Research, Practice and Policy.” International Journal of Information Management, vol. 71, 2023, article 102642.
Link Title
Source Credibility
This is a peer-reviewed scholarly article.
Published in the International Journal of Information Management.
Written by researchers from multiple academic fields.
Uses research-based analysis of AI technology.
Main Ideas
Generative AI is changing how people create and access information.
AI tools like ChatGPT provide benefits but also create challenges.
AI can impact education, communication, and online information.
Specific Points I Can Use
AI changes how people find and use information online.
AI can improve access to information but may also create misinformation risks.
Digital platforms need responsible ways to use AI.
Quotes/Paraphrases
"Generative AI creates new opportunities but also raises concerns about accuracy and responsible use" (Dwivedi et al. 1).
AI technologies are changing the way people interact with information and digital tools (Dwivedi et al. 2).
The use of AI requires consideration of ethical, social, and practical challenges (Dwivedi et al. 4).
Specific Points I Can Use
AI does not always provide neutral information because it depends on the data it learns from.
Algorithmic bias can affect what information people see online.
AI developers need to consider ethical issues when creating technology.
Quotes/Paraphrases
AI systems can create discrimination when automated decisions place certain groups at a disadvantage (Ferrer et al. 72).
AI bias is becoming more noticeable as AI is used for automated decision-making systems (Ferrer et al. 72).
Addressing AI discrimination requires collaboration between technical, legal, social, and ethical fields (Ferrer et al. 72).
Source #3 (Scholarly)
Zhang, Y., and Lu, Y. “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Information Quality and Decision-Making.” Journal of Business Research, vol. 154, 2023, article 113345.
Link Title
Source Credibility
This is a peer-reviewed scholarly article.
Published in the Journal of Business Research, an academic journal.
Uses research and analysis to study AI’s effects on information systems.
Written for an academic audience.
Main Ideas
AI influences how information is created, organized, and used.
AI can improve access to information but can also create accuracy concerns.
The quality of AI-generated information affects user decisions.
Specific Points I Can Use
AI affects the reliability of information people interact with online.
AI can make finding information easier but may introduce accuracy issues.
Users need to evaluate AI-generated information instead of automatically trusting it.
Quotes/Paraphrases
AI technologies influence how information is processed and presented to users (Zhang and Lu 1).
AI can improve information efficiency while creating challenges related to reliability and accuracy (Zhang and Lu 3).
The quality of information affects how users make decisions with AI-supported systems (Zhang and Lu 5).
Source #4: (Scholarly)
Brundage, Miles, et al. “The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation.” arXiv, 2018.
Link Title
Main Ideas
AI can be used to generate and spread misinformation at scale
Machine learning tools can create convincing fake text, images, and media
Digital information systems are vulnerable to automated manipulation campaigns
Source Credibility
Written by researchers from major institutions like Oxford, Stanford, and DeepMind
Widely cited in academic discussions about AI safety and misinformation
Hosted on arXiv, a major academic research platform used in computer science
Specific Points I Can Use
AI directly contributes to misinformation production online
Digital platforms can be manipulated through automated systems
There is a need for safeguards against AI-generated false content
Quotes / Paraphrases
“AI systems can be used to generate and spread misinformation at scale” (Brundage et al., p. 3)
AI tools reduce the cost of producing synthetic media such as fake text and images (Brundage et al., p. 5)
AI misuse creates risks for information ecosystems and public trust (Brundage et al., p. 7)
Source #5: (Popular)
Brundage, Miles, et al. The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation. arXiv, 2018
Link Title
Main Ideas
AI can be used for harmful purposes.
AI increases cybersecurity risks.
Society needs safeguards against AI misuse.
Source Credibility
Written by leading AI researchers and experts.
Published through arXiv, a respected academic repository.
Frequently cited in AI safety and cybersecurity research.
Specific Points I Can Use
AI can spread misinformation online.
AI threatens the reliability of digital information.
Regulations and safeguards are necessary.
Quotes / Paraphrases
Many Americans use AI-powered technologies in everyday life without realizing it (Kennedy, Tyson, and Saks, para. 4).
Only about three in ten Americans correctly identified all examples of AI included in the survey (Kennedy, Tyson, and Saks, para. 6).
Americans are generally more concerned than excited about the growing use of artificial intelligence (Kennedy, Tyson, and Saks, para. 18).
Source #6: (Popular)
Bond, Shannon. “AI Fakes Raise Election Risks as Lawmakers and Tech Companies Scramble to Catch Up.” NPR, 8 Feb. 2024.
Link Title
Main Ideas
AI-generated deepfakes can spread misinformation.
Lawmakers are struggling to keep up with AI technology.
AI creates new risks for public trust and elections.
Source Credibility
Published by NPR.
Written by technology reporter Shannon Bond.
Uses expert interviews and reporting.
Quotes / Paraphrases
AI-generated deepfakes are becoming a growing concern during elections because they can spread false information quickly (Bond, para. 3).
Lawmakers and technology companies are struggling to keep pace with advances in AI technology (Bond, para. 8).
Experts warn that AI-generated content may make it harder for people to determine what information is trustworthy (Bond, para. 12).
Specific Points I Will Use
AI contributes to misinformation online.
Deepfakes can influence public opinion.
Regulations may be needed to address AI risks.
Source #7: (Popular)
“AI Chatbots Distort and Mislead When Asked About Current Affairs, BBC Finds.” The Guardian, 11 Feb. 2025.
Link Title
Source Credibility
Based on research conducted by BBC News.
Published by a major international newspaper.
Uses findings from journalists and researchers.
Quotes / Paraphrases
AI chatbots sometimes provide inaccurate summaries of current events (para. 4).
Researchers found that AI systems may distort information from news sources (para. 9).
Inaccurate AI responses can reduce public trust in information online (para. 15).
Specific Points I Will Use
AI can decrease information accuracy.
Users may trust incorrect AI-generated content.
Reliable digital information is becoming more important.
Main Ideas
AI chatbots can provide inaccurate information.
AI may distort news and current events.
Incorrect AI responses can reduce public trust.
Source #8: (Media Source)
Gregory, Sam. “When AI Can Fake Reality, Who Can You Trust?” TED Talks, 26 Dec. 2023.
Link Title
Main Ideas
Deepfakes make it harder to determine what is real.
AI is changing how people evaluate information.
Society must adapt to AI-generated media.
Source Credibility
Presented by technology expert Sam Gregory.
Published through TED Talks.
Based on expertise in digital media and misinformation.
Quotes / Paraphrases
Deepfakes make it increasingly difficult to distinguish fact from fiction (Gregory, para. 5).
Society needs better tools to verify digital content (Gregory, para. 9).
Trust and transparency are essential in the age of AI-generated media (Gregory, para. 14).
Specific Points I Will Use
AI affects trust in digital information.
Deepfakes create misinformation concerns.
Verification tools are needed to protect information quality.