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Quiz Shorthand Map - Coggle Diagram
Quiz Shorthand Map
The State of Nature
A thought experiment of a hypothetical era before states or other formal political institutions. Moreso a philosophical tool than a factual analysis.
Hobbes: Life is brutish and short (state of nature), humans are selfish and greedy by nature
Strict authority is necessary to maintain order
Security and order over liberty
Locke: State of nature includes the rights to life, liberty and property
Government should be a defender of citizen's rights
Citizens reserve the right to revolt against unjust government
Allows thinkers to grasp the fundamentals of justice, power and cooperation
Rousseau:
Humans are naturally cooperative and seek social harmony
Individuals unite under a "general will" as a social contract, which manifests as the collective interests of the group, guiding law and policy.
Assumptions in the state of nature
Androcentric (male-focused)
Anthrocentric, in contrast to indigenous traditions which often do not consider a division between humanity and nature, fostering a dynamic of sterwardship or kinship instead.
Individualistic and may ignore mutual aid, care and interdependence
The Social Contract
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Concepts:
- Consent
- Natural Rights
- Voluntaristic Obligation
Critiques:
- Issues surrounding inclusivity
- Historical exclusion of women and minorities
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Power, Authority, Legitimacy
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Rights
Entitlements and justified claims held by individuals or groups, either as enshrined in law or grounded in morality
- Civil Rights: personal freedoms
- Social Rights: well-being guarantees (health and education)
- Political Rights: political participation (voting and running for office)
- Economic Rights: employment and fair wages etc.
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