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GLOBAL EXAMPLES - Coggle Diagram
GLOBAL EXAMPLES
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NON STATE ACTORS
NGOs on Global issues:
Successes:
Throughout 2025, SAPA provided medical care to 750k patients during Sudan's humanitarian crisis.
NGOs like Amnesty Official and Human Rights Watch protect human rights by documenting abuses and advocating for policy change. For example, Human Rights' Watch on Rohingya abuses in Myanmar led to international legal action.
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Failures:
There were reports of sexual exploitation from Oxfam charity workers in Haiti after the earthquake (2010)
Influx of UN personnel in Cambodia following the genocide led to a rise in spread of aids cases - sexual abuses / exploitation again
Generally, NGOs can inadvertently create dependency, in South Sudan, the presence of international NGOs has created a parallel system of governance, where reliance on foreign aid has undermined the development of local institutions.
In November 2024, the Venezuelan government passed an anti-NGO law. Such a law requires all NGOs to obtain explicit state approval to operate and imposes tight restriction on their foreign aid funding.
NGOs and charities are generally really quite ineffective at tackling global issues, they provide short term relief but create a culture of dependency, of course worsened by the fact that they cannot truly be held accountable!!
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TNCs
Successes:
They influence poverty reduction through investment in local economies and subsequent job creation. EG: Unilver operates many supply chains in Kenya and India.
TNCs invest in infrastructure and skills training as part of their operations, which can have long-term benefits, EG: Toyota in South Africa
Elon Musk's satellite internet provider Starlink used their services to get information to and from Iran during the government's internet black outs.
Failures:
TNCs exacerbate poverty through exploitative labour practices: Nike's endless sweat shops for example
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Other actors
Social movements:
ENVIRONMENT - Cultural globalisation has made activists across the world more connected than ever, which means social movements can spread rapidly across the world. EG: Fridays for future
However, the impact of Fridays For Future has been incredibly limited as such movements adopt a deep-green ecology perspective, whereas the international community continue to adopt a shallow-green ecoloogy perspective. Global temps set to rise by 3 degrees at the end of the century.
POVERTY - The occupy movement in 2011 was an anti-globalisation and capitalist movement which called for states to adress global economic inequality.
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EMERGING POWERS (BRICs)
(China is currently considered to be in both categories) - this section suggests why it is not yet the global hegemon.
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RUSSIA
Military - Russia has one of the largest militaries in the world and major powers of intimidation. they have more nuclear warheads than any other nation and have high-tech capabilities as shown in their war with Ukriane.
Resource - Russia is the world's largest country by land size. They have dominance over the artic (said to be the next important sphere in geopolitics). Along with this Russia have extensive gas reserves - Gazprom.
Political/cultural - Major negotiating power and membership of the UNSC. Many former USSR states are very open to Russian Culture.
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INDIA
Military - They are in possession of nuclear weapons however are focused on their conflict with Pakistan over the kashmir region
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China's ideology is hard for many countries to digest and has limited its political reach into the west
China's military is strong but has limited reach - it plays a significant role that is limited to its region.
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Recent IR events
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Actions of IGOs
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Trump pledges to leave both the IPCC and the UNFCCC this comes after him leaving the Paris agreement in 2016.
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