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TAMIFLU - Coggle Diagram
TAMIFLU
Pharmacodynamics What the drug does to the body
Shortens illness duration
Prevents release of new influenza virus
Decreases viral replication and spread
Reduces severity of symptoms
Lowers risk of complications in high risk patients
May reduce transmission
Side effects
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Abdominal pain
Precautions
Kidney impairment Dose adjustment may be needed
Allergy
Monitor for adverse effects
Support infection prevention and control
Mechanism of Action
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Prevents release of new influenza virions
Reduces viral replication and spread
Decreases duration and severity of symptoms
Drug target Viral neuraminidase enzyme
Not a receptor binding drug Enzyme inhibitor not agonist or antagonist
Drug Receptors and Drug Responses
Receptor action Not applicable
Does not bind to human receptors
Inhibits viral enzyme neuraminidase
Drug response Reduced viral load
Drug response Reduced symptom duration
Drug response Reduced transmission
Pharmacokinetic Parameters
Bioavailability 80 percent
Volume of distribution 23 to 26 L
Half life 1 to 3 hours oseltamivir
Half life 6 to 10 hours oseltamivir carboxylate
Renal clearance primary elimination route
Food and Drug Interactions
Minimal food interactions
May take with food to reduce nausea
Probenecid may increase oseltamivir levels
Severe renal impairment requires dose adjustment
No major CYP450 interactions
Medication Information
Generic name Oseltamivir
Brand name Tamiflu
Drug class Antiviral Neuraminidase inhibitor
Prescription medication
Indications
Influenza A treatment
Influenza B treatment
Post exposure prophylaxis
OB management in high risk settings
Administration
Oral capsule
Taken daily
Best started within 48 hours of symptom onset
Different dosing for treatment and prevention
Pharmacokinetics What the body does to the drug
Absorption
Rapid GI absorption
Administered as oseltamivir phosphate prodrug
Bioavailability approximately 80 percent
Active metabolite detectable within 30 minutes
Peak concentration 3 to 4 hours
Distribution
Distributed to lung trachea nasal mucosa sinuses middle ear
Therapeutic levels at infection sites
Volume of distribution 23 to 26 L
Metabolism
Converted to active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate in liver
More than 75 percent converted during first pass metabolism
No interaction with CYP450 enzymes
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion
Less than 20 percent excreted in feces
Half life oseltamivir 1 to 3 hours
Half life oseltamivir carboxylate 6 to 10 hours