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Topic 9- crime in contemporary society - Coggle Diagram
Topic 9- crime in contemporary society
Globalisation and crime
Transnational organised crime or the dark figure of crime is organised crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute criminal activity. It works like a business (has supply and demand) e.g. Heroin is supplied by Afghanistan and demanded in Europe
-global criminal networks have developed because of the growth of an information age in which knowledge as well as goods and people can move quickly and easily across national boundaries.
Castells
argues there is now a global criminal economy worth over one trillion per a year. This takes a number of forms:
-drug trafficking, modern day slavery, cyber crime, human trafficking
Human trafficking
national crime agency in 1014 estimated there was as many as 13,000 people in Britain who were victims of slavery, prostitution and domestic staff
e.g. trafficked man into thinking he was getting a job, illegally took out his kidney through surgery
Modern day slavery
how does slavery impact women and children?
-children become a threat and people use them to get what they wanted out of the mother
money laundering
Castell
calls this the 'matrix of global crime' bc criminals like drug dealers dealing with large amounts of money need to 'launder' to avoid their criminal activities from coming too attention
Cyber crime
Detica
estimates financial cybercrimes cost the uk 27 billion pounds each year
How has it adopted terrorists?
-radical ideologies being published online may attract people e.g. ISIS used yt and insta to recruit people
Post modernist view on TOC
globalisation creates new insecurities and produces a new mentality of 'risk consciousness' in which risk is seen as global rather than tied to a particular context
-this leads to intensification of social control at a national level e.g. tighten border control
6 main impacts in a more globalised world
1) a risk of consciousness has been developed
-pm
Beck
argues that global crime has given rise to a new set of anxieties or a 'risk consciousness'
-he argues that more people can easily move from country to country and has led to lots of migrants wanting to find work and an increase in terrorist attacks. This risk is also encouraged by the media as they produce moral panics
2) problems with policing
-due to crimes becoming transitional it requires cooperation between any different law enforcement agencies to bring the criminals to justice.
-what may be illegal in one country isn't in another meaning it can e difficult
3) greater inequality has happened which leads to crime
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Taylor
argues that globalisation has created inequality and higher rates of poverty in 2 ways:
1) globalisation has allowed capitalism to create more crime by exploiting workers abroad and creating fraud on a larger scale
2)in western countries, manufacturing products abroad has led to a lack of jobs and opportunities for the wc which leads them to crime. A criminal underclass has developed
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Taylor
also argues that globalisation has made it easier for elite groups and transnational corporations to move funds and profit around thew world to avoid paying taxes
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Lea and Young
argue that the global media promote a lifestyle that is vert materialistic and this leads to more people to commit crime
EVALUATION: could be argued globalisation has had a positive effect, we now have a group of European police
4) old style mafia criminal networks have finished and now we have a global mafia (mcmafia)
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Glenny
argues that we now have a global organised crime network like a business that has a producer distributor and a customer. This is like the mafia . She argues that the global crime network started to form after the Soviet Union and the end of communism
5) global crime networks have developed as a result of deindustrialisation
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Winlow
studied bouncers and found that as cities in the UK now source hard labour production to other countries rathe than the UK, men are now looking for other ways to assert their masculinity and may get involved in crime on a local level
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Hobbs and Dunningham
critice glenny and they believe crime network is still very local. Criminals in the UK work on a local level but have global connections
6) disorganised crime
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Lash and Urry
argue that now we live in a globalised world there is increased deregulation and fewer state controls over business and finance which mean that there is a greater opportunity for crime to happen as it is harder to keep track.
-corporations now act transnationally moving money etc to increase profits and lower regulation
EVALUATION:
-hyperglobalists believe that globalisation is happening and is broadly a good thing, this is a process that is making society better
-it is easy to exaggerate the significance and impact of global crime