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Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Altered Thyroid function
Hypothyroidism
Mechanism of dysfunction
Endocrine gland impairment, too little hormone
Treatment
Levothyroxine
Clinical manifestations
Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, bradycardia
Diagnostic Criteria
Increase TSH, decrease T3/T4, thyroid antibodies
Opposite thyroid hormone states
Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease)
Mechanism of dysfunction
Endocrine gland impairment, too much hormone, receptor stimulation by antibodies, negative feedback suppressed
Treatment
Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy
Clinical manifestations
Weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, tremors, diarrhea, goiter, exophthalmos
Diagnostic Criteria
Decrease TSH, increase T3/T4, radioactive iodine uptake
BOTH: increase metabolic demand
Altered ADH Function
SIADH
Mechanism of dysfunction
Too much hormone produce, negative feedback impaired, ectopic hormone production
Clinical manifestations
Hyponatremia, nausea/vomiting, headache, weakness, confusion
Diagnostic Criteria
Low serum sodium, low plasma osmolality, concentrated urine, decreased urine output
Treatment
Fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, ADH antagonists
Diabetes Insipidus
Mechanism of dysfunction
Impairment of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, too little hormone produced, target cell not responding
Treatment
Hydration, Desmopressin
Clinical manifestations
Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, hyperosmolarity, low urine specific gravity
Diagnostic Criteria
Urine specific gravity ≤1.005
Urine osmolality <200 mOsm/kg
Elevated serum osmolality
Opposite ADH disorders
Altered Adrenal Function
Cushing Syndrome
Mechanism of dysfunction
Too much hormone, pituitary dysfunction, endocrine gland impairment, ectopic ACTH production
Treatment
Remove tumor, radiation, graduel steroid withdrawal
Clinical manifestations
Hyperglycemia, moon face, buffalo hump, weight gain, thin skin, muscle wasting, hypertension
Diagnostic criteria
Elevated cortisol, 24-hour urine cortisol, imaging studies
Opposite cortisol disorders
Addison Disease
Mechanism of dysfunction
Endocrine gland impairment, too little hormone
Treatment
Lifelong glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid replacement, IV fluids during crisis
Clinical manifestations
Fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, hyperpigmentation, hyperkalemia
Diagnostic criteria
Low cortisol, High ACTH, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,