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Psychological and tactical key performance indicators - Coggle Diagram
Psychological and tactical key performance indicators
psychological
arousal regulation
in swimming, maintaining the optimum arousal level before and during the race is very important.
too much arousal can cause anxiety and false starts (over arousal)
too little arousal can lead to reduced motivation and reaction speed.
confidence
the level of confidence a performer has, affects their overall performance. if a person has low confidence, it could lead to anxiety, underarousal and choking, which inhibits performance.Overconfidence leads to overarousal and can also cause a decrease in performance.
motivation
motivation refers to a desire to succeed. there are two types of motivation. intrinsic motivation refers to participating for personal enjoyment without receiving an external reward for the activity itself. extrinsic motivation refers to participating in an activity due to an external influence, this can be tangible or intangible. It is important that a swimmer has elements of both types of motivation, to help boost performance.
mental rehearsal or imagery
this involves visualising a successful performance before competing. This is an important technique used when competing, because it improves technique, confidence, concentration and race preparation. By visualising successful performances and race strategies, swimmers can reduce anxiety and improve execution during competition.
concentration
a swimmer must be able to filter out any negative stimuli and focus on positive self talk and blocking out any negative thoughts, that could impact performance.
goal setting
swimmers must use targets to improve motivation and performance. SMART goals must be used in order for the goal to be achievable and for the performer to maintain motivation. an example of a realistic goal, is to reduce a 100m freestyle time by 1 second.
tactical
breathing
in sprint races such as the 50m and the 100m, you would complete less breaths in comparison to completing a distance event
turns and dive starts
split times
front end and back end swimmers
front end swimmers
front end swimmers are people who start the race fast and aims to build an early lead. a font end swimmer has to be very careful, because they may experience greater fatigue towards the end of the race.
back end swimmers
back end swimmers are people who conserves energy early in the race and finishes strongly. They have a more controlled pace at the start and saves energy for the latter stages. Often overtake competitors near the finish.
back end swimmers use negative splits, which refers to the second half of the race being faster than the first half of the race. This is advantageous because it reduces the risk of fatigue and allows for a strong finish. it can also psychologically affect opponents that are slowing down.
drafting
drafting refers to swimming closely behind or alongside another swimmer to reduce water resistance. this is useful because reduces the energy needed to maintain speed. this allows the swimmer to conserve energy for later in the race. Which can improve overall race efficiency.
drafting can reduce energy required by the swimmer by 20 - 30%
this is typically done when swimmers are in the lanes next to lead swimmers.