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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
probability
for any specific outcome is defined as a fraction or a proportion of all the possible outcomes for a situation in which several different outcomes are possible
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if more than one individual is being selected, the probabilities must stay constant from one selection to the next
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unit normal table
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unit normal table can be used only with normal-shaped distributions. If a distribution is not normal, transforming X values to z-scores will not make it normal
- Transform the X values into z-scores
- Use the unit normal table to look up the proportions corresponding to the z-score values
percentile rank
defined as the percentage of individuals in the distribution with scores at or below that particular score
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+/-1.96 in z score
sample is an extreme value, nearly 2 standard deviations away from the average, and therefore is noticeably different from most individuals in the original population
If the treatment has no effect, then the sample is a very unlikely outcome. Specifically, the probability of obtaining a sample that is beyond the ±1.96 boundaries is less than 5%