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Women in the 20th Century - Coggle Diagram
Women in the 20th Century
First Wave (c.1900-1920s)
Women's Suffrage
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Right to vote achieved
Unified women's movement
Consequences
Main goal achieved
Decline of many organisations
End of First Wave
Limitations
Women's voting patterns often similar to men's
Limited immediate impact on wider equality
Internal Divisions
Protective labour laws for women
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) supporters
Debate: protection vs full equality
Period of Stagnation (Late 1920s-Early 1960s)
ERA Opposition
Strong resistance
Failed to gain sufficient support
Conservative Society
Traditional gender expectations
Slow progress in women's rights
Result
Limited advancement for several decades
Second Wave (1960s-1970s)
Causes
Post WWII workforce growth
More married women employed
Civil Rights Movement influence
Main Goals
Employment equality
Educational equality
Challenge traditional gender roles
Greater social equality
Key Figures
Betty Friedan
Criticised domestic ideal
Gloria Steinem
Feminist activism and media influence
Key Issues
Workplace equality
Childcare
Reproductive rights
Legal and Political Changes
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Banned workplace gender discrimination
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Constitutional protection for abortion rights
Affirmative Action
Improved opportunities in:
Education
Employment
Increasing opposition from 1990s
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Purpose
Constitutional equality regardless of sex
Progress
Passed Congress (1972)
Failure
Not enough state ratifications
Deadline expired (1982)
Legacy
Influenced public debate
Encouraged state-level equality provisions
Third Wave (1990s onwards)
Characteristics
Greater diversity
Multicultural perspective
Focus
Broader range of identities
Inclusion of different experiences
Difference from Earlier Waves
Moved beyond focus on white, middle-class women