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What is a Wine Appellation?, Wines with Geographical Denomination, Wines…
What is a Wine Appellation?
A nation's way of categorising wine using a legally defined and protected geographical indication.
Purpose
Identifies where the grapes are grown and their specific terroir.
Other Applications
Similar systems are used for other foods and drinks (e.g., cheeses, spirits).
Legal Criteria for Labels
To use an appellation, a wine must meet specific rules regarding:
Which grapes to grow.
The maximum grape yield.
The alcohol content and other quality factors.
Wines with Geographical Denomination
Includes PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) wines.
Compulsory Details (Front Label & Bottle):
Geographical designation.
Traditional expression and/or PGI/PDO.
Country of origin.
Blend of different grape varieties.
Bottler's details.
Nominal volume.
Actual alcoholic strength by % volume (variable, but must be < 14%).
Lot number (usually starting with L).
Allergens and sulphites details (anywhere on the bottle).
Optional Details (Front Label)
Trademarks or brand name.
Traditional terms, colour, vine variety, and vintage (vintage allowed only if ≥ 85% of the wine is from that year).
Residual sugar level for still wines (dry, medium dry, medium, medium sweet, sweet).
Traditional expressions/terms (e.g., 'methods of production').
Specific Member State terms (e.g., 'Chateau' from France, 'Reserva' from Spain).
Wines without Geographical Denomination
Includes Varietal wines (with a predominant grape variety) and Generic wines.
Compulsory Details
Country of origin.
Blend of different grape varieties.
Bottler's details.
Nominal volume.
Actual alcoholic strength by % volume (variable, but must be < 14%).
Lot number (usually starting with L) and sulphites details (anywhere on the bottle).
Optional Details
Brand name.
Colour.
Residual sugar description (dry, medium dry, etc.).
Vine varieties and/or vintage (only if the wine is approved under a Varietal Wine Certification Scheme).