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Functionalism - Coggle Diagram
Functionalism
Talcott Parsons
Stratification
Based off respect, prestige, honour, approval, and disapproval.
Because stratification reflects shared values, individuals feel compelled to accept rankings even if they dislike them.
Normative Consensus
A shared agreement about what society values, which determines how people and occupations are ranked.
Meritocratic:
Rewards based on effort. Inequality is caused because roles that align with society's most valued qualities are ranked higher and therefore receive greater rewards.
Inequality is an integrative mechanism, encouraging people to strive for success within a shared moral framework.
Davis and Moore
Role allocation - People are sifted and sorted into different areas and industries based on ability and skill.
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They developed Durkheim's ideas by arguing that inequality is necessary to ensure the most important roles are filled by the most talented people.
Durkheim
Boundary Maintenance: Publicly punishing criminals reinforces society's collective conscience. The reaction to crime unites law-abiding citizens, reaffirming shared values and strengthening social cohesion.
Adaption Theory: All social change begins with deviance. For society to evolve, individuals must be allowed to challenge established norms.
Warning Device: A spike in certain types of crime acts as an indicator that society is not functioning properly.
Division of Labour - People with more important jobs are payed more and given rewards. (more important jobs based on qualifications - meritocracy)
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Feminist criticisms
- emphasise influence of patriarchy and neglect other reasons like poverty
- assume experience of all girls and women is the same. Wealth and social class can mitigate effects of patriarchy.
McPherson Report
The McPherson Report meant that inequalities were found in the system and people were able to disown these and breakdown individuals in the system which strengthen these inequalities.