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Altered elmination - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Aging, medications (anticholinergics)
    - - Urinary retention
    - - Hesitancy, incomplete emptying, bladder distention
    - - Catheterization, bladder training
  - - - Spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis
    - - Incontinence, retention
    - - Intermittent catheterization, pelvic floor therapy
    - - Neurogenic bladder
  - - - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral obstruction
    - - weak urine stream, frequency, nocturia
    - - Alpha-blockers, TURP/Surergy
    - - Obstructive urinary retention
  - - - Shock, renal artery disease
    - - Oliguria, elevated waste products
    - - Fluid replacement, treat underlying cause
    - - Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- - - - Low fiber diet, opioid medications
    - - Constipation
    - - Hard stool, infrequent bowel movements
    - - Fiber, laxatives
  - - - Fecal incontinence, constipation
    - - Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury
    - - Neurogenic bowel
    - - Bowel training, scheduled evacuation programs
  - - - Tumors, fecal impaction
    - - surgical removal of obstruction, decompression/supportive care
    - - Bowel obstruction
    - - Abdominal pain, distention, vomiting