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Social Services History - Coggle Diagram
Social Services History
Early America
Early America (1700s-early 1800s)
Needs met through
Individuals
Families
Some community cooperation
Settlers
Native Americans
Core value
Self-reliance
Mostly rural society
American Tradition
Individualism
Suspicion of government assistance
Industrialization & Urbanization
Industrialization & Urbanization
Social problems
Poverty
Poor living conditions
Unemployment
Assistance mainly from
Private charities
Religious groups
Local organizations
Government role limited
Economic growth
Attitudes Toward Welfare
Aid for "deserving poor"
Belief:
Individuals responsible for themselves
Outcome
Weak social protection
No national welfare system
Great Depression & New Deal
Great Depression (1930s)
Nearly 40% in poverty
Revealed weaknesses
Existing welfare system
Economic collapse
New Deal
Public works jobs
Labour protections
Greater federal responsibility
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Social Security
Turning Point
Federal government becomes key provider of social protection
Post-WWII Expansion
Welfare programs expanded
Veterans' benefits increased
More people covered by social programs
1960s: Lyndon B. Johnson
War on Poverty
Great Society
Education programs
Job training
Economic development
Mejor Programs (1965)
Medicare
Elderly
Medicaid
Poor
Food Stamps
Low-income families
Welfare Reform (1980s-1990s)
1980s: Ronald Reagan
Reduce welfare spending
Promote self-reliance
Despite this:
Social service costs continued rising
1990s: Bill Clinton
Welfare reform
TANF
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
More responsibility to states
Encouraged
Work
Job training
21st Century Debates
Ongoing debate
Government responsibility
Individual responsibility
Healthcare reform
Barack Obama
Affordable Care Act (2010)
Expanded healthcare coverage
Politically controversial