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MAXIMUM NET RED POWER GENERATION - Coggle Diagram
MAXIMUM NET RED POWER GENERATION
High Salinity Gradient
Why?
Increases chemical potential difference
Increases Nernst potential
Increases OCV
Increases driving force for ion transport
How?
Use seawater/brine as HC stream
Use river water/freshwater as LC stream
Prevent stream mixing
Result
Higher stack voltage
Higher power density
High Permselectivity
Why?
Maximizes selective ion transport
Minimizes co-ion leakage
Maintains membrane potential
Improves energy conversion efficiency
How?
Use Fumasep FAD/FKD
Use Neosepta ACS/CMS
Use monovalent-selective membranes
Result
Higher membrane voltage
Higher efficiency
Low Membrane Resistance
Why?
Reduces ohmic losses
Facilitates ion transport
Increases current generation
How?
Select thin membranes
Select low-resistance membranes
Maintain membrane cleanliness
Result
Higher current density
Higher power output
Low Concentration Polarization (CP)
Why?
Prevents ion depletion at membrane surface
Maintains concentration gradient
Maintains membrane voltage
Sustains ion transport
How?
Increase flow velocity
Improve mixing
Optimize spacer design
Use profiled membranes
Operate below limiting current density
Result
Stable driving force
Higher power generation
Low Pressure Drop
Why?
Reduces pumping energy
Improves net energy production
Increases overall efficiency
How?
Optimize channel geometry
Optimize flow rate
Use low-resistance spacers
Ensure uniform flow distribution
Result
Lower operational cost
Higher net efficiency
Low Fouling & Scaling
Why?
Prevents membrane blockage
Prevents resistance increase
Maintains ion transport
Extends membrane lifetime
How?
Pre-filtration
Water softening
Biofouling control
Periodic cleaning
Removal of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺
Result
Stable long-term performance
Reduced maintenance costs
Maximum Power Point Operation
Why?
Maximizes usable electrical power
Balances voltage and current output
Maximizes system efficiency
How?
Match external load resistance
Monitor voltage and current
Optimize operating conditions
Minimize electrical losses
Result
Maximum electrical power extraction
Maximum system efficiency