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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Older Adults - Coggle Diagram
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Older Adults
CAP is 3rd most common reason for hospitalization in ≥65 yrs, 5th leading cause of death.
Bacterial pneumonia (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae) is most common type.
Age-Related Changes Increasing Risk
Decreased cough reflex, reduced cilia number/alveoli elasticity.
Reduced blood supply, poor chest expansion, shallow breathing.
Decreased immune function.
Atypical Manifestations (Important!)
No typical fever/cough/chest pain.
Increased respiratory rate (>26-28/min) and pulse as first signs.
Altered mental status/confusion, low-grade fever (37.5-38°C).
Dehydration, restlessness, fatigue, poor appetite
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis: Chest X-ray (most important), sputum culture, blood culture.
Treatment: Antibiotics, hydration (2-3 L/day), semi-Fowler’s position, deep breathing/coughing exercises.
Nurse's Role
Monitor vital signs (especially RR and pulse), mental status.
Observe sputum, auscultate chest.
Mobilize, change position frequently, encourage fluids.
Teach vaccination (pneumococcal, annual influenza), hand hygiene, oral care
Recovery
1-3 weeks or longer; poor outcomes linked to comorbidities, poor nutrition, bedridden status.