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((June 1914) Britain enters war - gas…
(June 1914) Britain enters war - gas attacks
to defend Belgium │
Austria-Hungary vs Allies │ Shell shock
Italy joins Allies (1915) (PTSD)
FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918)
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CAUSE BEGINNING WEAPONS & WAR
Assassination of Germany attacks Modern artillery
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Belgium (1914) - machine guns
in Sarajevo │ - tanks
Central Powers:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Allies / Triple Entente:
Britain
France
Russia
later USA
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
League of Nations
(USA never joined it)
CONSEQUENCES
10 million soldiers dead
7 million civilians dead
Collapse of 4 empires
Communist Revolution in Russia
Rise of dictators:
• Benito Mussolini
• Adolf Hitler
War of attrition on Western Front
Terrible living conditions:
mud
rats
disease
Soldiers go “over the top”
→ about 60,000 British casualties
on the first day alone
UNITED STATES
Joined the war in April 1917
Armistice: 11 November 1918
PEACE & CONSEQUENCES
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Wanted to make the world “safe for democracy”
Helped accelerate German defeat
TRENCH WARFARE
Battle of the Somme (1916)
Leaders:
David Lloyd George
Georges Clemenceau
Woodrow Wilson