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1815 Tambora - Coggle Diagram
1815 Tambora
Ge & Gao 2020
Impact often overestimated
Allegedly triggered massive volcanic winter leading to near extinction
Population bottle neck hypothesis
Narrative flipped on its head
Suggest limited climate impact
Lack of geological evidence
Ice cores
Acidity peak of 1 decade rather than centuries
Suggest aerosols were quickly removed from atmosphere
Only a bad 10 years
Pollen records from lakes in Italy and Na
Suggest vegetation did not suffer massive dieoff
Warm forests not wiped out
Where were humans?
No massive gap
BUT WHYYY
Chemistry of blast
Lots of water = greenhouse effect countering the sulphur cooling
Earths position in space resulted in higher mean annual insulation = more solar energy absorption
Seasons variations were bigger already = big resilience
Seemed to exacerbate existing inequalities rather than cause them
Richer could import grain/pay higher prices
Riots in Cambridge and Ely
Reports in Switzerland of peasants eating grass
Eye witness testimonies
Described 3 distinct coloumns of flame
Historical diaries
Frosts recorded New England June 1816
Tree rings
Estimate of summer temperature anomaly
Cooling
Exceptionally narrow rings suggest growth was stunted
High sulphur
Ice core evidence
60-100mt SO2
Evidence that following year 'year without a summer'
Scotland year of the beggars
Particularly in NA
Ice cores
Distinct heavy layers of sulphate deposits in Iceland and Antarctica
Coincide with eruption
Temperature reconstructions from evidence suggest cooling between 0.4 and 0.7 in 1816
Cooling persistent for 2-3 years
Strongest in Europe and NA
Indonesia
Potentially highest point in country prior to eruption
Art and music
Lord Byron gloomy poem inspired by eruption?
1977 author linked Tambor to subsidence crisis in Europe and North America Post
Must weight up elements of chance, historical forces to come up with a sense of what happened- historian perspective Evans 2014
Sulphur loading in atmosphere
VEI 7 only one in modern age
60-100mt Carbon dioxide in amtosphere