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Infants (under 1 year old) - Coggle Diagram
Infants (under 1 year old)
Primary Problems
Increased risk for infections
Malnutrition/poor feeding
Low birth weight/prematurity
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) "Each year in the United States, ∼3500 infants die of sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)" (Moon et al., 2022).
Delayed growth and development
Lack of immunizations
Child neglect or abuse
Respiratory illnesses (RSV, pneumonia)
Contributing Factors
Poverty/low income
Limited parental education
Inadequate prenatal care
Unsafe housing conditions
Food insecurity
Lack of transportation
Limited access to healthcare
Social Determinants of Health
Economic stability
Access to healthcare services
Quality education for parents
Safe neighborhood & housing
Access to nutritious food
Health literacy
Insurance coverage
Potential Biases/ Implicit Biases in Nursing
Assuming parents are neglectful due to socioeconomic status
Language barriers affecting communication
Cultural misunderstandings about infant care
Bias toward teen parents
Assumptions about parenting abilities
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Social Injustice Issues
Healthcare disparities among minority infants
Limited access to pediatric care in rural areas
Higher infant mortality rates in underserved communities
Discrimination based on insurance status
Cultural differences in infant feedings/sleeping practices
Risk Factors/ Potential Complications
Dehydration
Failure to thrive
Developmental delays
Respiratory distress
Vaccine-preventable disease
Poor attachment/bonding
Interventions
Secondary (Early Detection)
Growth & developmental screenings
Monitoring weight gain
Early illness identification "Since 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended universal developmental screening and surveillance to promote early diagnosis and intervention and to improve the outcomes of children with developmental delays and disabilities" (Hirai et al., 2018).
Hearing & vision screenings
Follow-up pediatric appointments
Primary (Prevention)
Parent education on safe sleep
Immunizations
Breastfeeding support
Prenatal care education
Nutrition teaching
Home safety education
Tertiary (Managing Existing Problems)
Rehabilitation services for developmental delays
NICU follow-up care
Respiratory therapy
Referral to specialists
Ongoing chronic illness management
Desired Outcome for the Population
Healthy growth & development
Reduced infant mortality rates
Increased vaccination rates
Improved parental education/care " Research has shown that adequate prenatal care is an effective intervention in improving pregnancy outcomes. Adequate prenatal care provides opportunity for consulting and reducing complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth" (Tahereh Tayebi et al., 2024).
Early identification of health problems
Improved access to healthcare resources