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THE RESTORATION AND THE LAST STUARTS - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION AND THE LAST STUARTS
Charles II—The Puritan rule did not last long:
after cromwell's death 1658, 1660 new parliament recalled legitimete heir stuart dynasty from french exile. restoration welcomed british people belived origins monarchy
first concern king charles II bring back dominance church england, dissolved parliament.
early years restoration marked outbreak great plague killed 70000 londoners
James II
charles brother james, catholic/was more absolutist than predecessor. claimed right kings decided country's destiny
began put catholics position power all braches public life, accelerated secret plan call william of orange champion. protestant cause europe/husband james's daugher mary
The Glorious Revolution and the reign of Queen Anne
william of orange landed england 1688 with small force.
william and mary crowned king /queen 1689
mary death 1694 william orang reigned alone
the bill of rights= crown would not able rule county without parliament
the toleration act= grated puritans freedom religion
the act of settlement= royal family only protestants could be heirs throne queen anna.
A foreign trade policy
Great Britain, protect its interests abroad, entered War Spanish Succession
with Holland/Prussia against France, Spain/Portugal. Peace made with France/ Spain
Treaty Utrecht was signed 1713. Great Britain retained Gibralta/Minorca, important influence Mediterranean/ they gained:
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Arcadia/ Hudson Bay, important maritime control Canada/ island
Newfoundland
permission send ship every year trade with Spanish South American colonies as well
as the Monopoly African slave trade
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beginning 18th century, became clear that Britain's foreign policy would be
directed towards protecting/ increasing commercial interests abroad. 1694 Bank
England was founded: national bank whose solidity was guaranteed by state.
George I and parliamentary monarchy
With death queen, the Protestant branch Stuart family
was extinguished. nearest Protestant relation was elector Hanover, great-grandson James I; became George I. spoke German/had no knowledge British customs.
new situation caused ministers meet without king/ choose a prime minister. This had important consequences laid foundations form parliamentary monarchy has been existence ever since.
George II and the Jacobite rebellion
George II son George I. During his reign old Anglo-French
hostilities were renewed. real cause control of overseas trade. After fall Prime Minister
Walpole, stewards made last attempt regain throne. Jacobite rebellion led so-called pretender the throne, Charles Edward. led a lot of men from Edinburgh to England, when they reached Derby, retreated back Scotland, where were beaten Culloden.
The seven years of war and Pitt's ministry
new European broke out 1756: Frederick II Prussia/ England against nearly all Europe.
called 7 Years' War/ was initially very disappointing Britain. William Pitt Elder became prime minister/ soon proved capable giving enthusiasm nation. Franza forced sign Treaty Paris due loss Britain. Great Britain gained important new lands like Senegal, Canada/ some territories North America, as well as islands Caribbean.
The conquest of India
beginning 18th century, Britain had only few commercial territories iIndia
controlled East India Company. French influence much greater until middle ofcentury.
situation changed for better x Britain. Treaty Paris also meant/ French influence India.
Bengal became East India Company stronghold/ these were foundations of British
George III and the British Empire
George III first native English-speaking Hanoverian king/ he
more in touch with nation. When came to throne, Great Britain controlled seas/had period of
internal peace. This ended rebellion American colonies / War American Independence,
which was lost by Great Britain. The loss of 13 American colonies was compensated for control of whole Indian continent /new territories in the Pacific, like Australia/ New Zealand.