Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Occlusal Appliances According to Dawson - Coggle Diagram
Occlusal Appliances According to Dawson
Permissive Splints
Flat plane stabilizing appliance (Michigan splint)
Increases occlusal stability
muscler elaxation
mandibular posture deprogramming
and vertical dimension modification.
Indications:
include TMJ and muscle disorders
and pain,
severe bruxism,
diagnosis and treatment of trauma from occlusion to any part of the masticatory system.
Anterior Bite Plane
For muscular disorders related to
orthopedic instability
or a sudden change in the occlusal state.
It disengages all teeth except the incisors,
reducing the clenching force on muscles,
parafunctional movement,
and TMJ strain.
It prevents clenching by
preventing the posterior teeth from performing functional
or parafunctional behaviors.
1-Allow complete separation of the condyles
with uniform tooth contact,
eliminating muscle coordination issues
and abnormal occlusal contact.
2-achieve balanced muscular function
and reduce parafunctional activity.
Directive Splints (Non-Permissive Splints)
Anterior repositioning splint
Treats reciprocal
clicking
,
stabilizes the
condyle-disk relationship,
and
reduces
retrodiscal tissue compression by
moving the condyle away from the fully seated joint position.
The beneficial effects on the TMJ are
pain and noise reduction
and mandibular function improvement in patients with arthrogenous TMDs,
which may be attributed to
restoring normal disc-condyle relationship
.
Posterior bite plane
Aims to achieve a
horizontal maxillomandibular relationship,
major vertical dimension changes,
and mandibular repositioning.
Indicated in
cases of severe loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO)
or when significant changes in the anterior positioning of the mandible are required,
as it is placed only on the posterior teeth,
dis-occluding the anterior teeth;
no significant scientific evidence,
although some authors have reported that this type of splint
may improve athletic performance
by increasing physical strength
Distraction splint (Pivot Appliance)
A mandibular splint makes occlusal contact
only with the most posterior teeth
and can
treat internal disc derangements
and
intracapsular
inflammation
.
Upon clenching the splint,
the
condyle
is
pulled downward
,
which
removes the traumatic load
and allows the disc to regain its normal position
As the mandible rotates around the splint,
it
reduces pressure within the TMJ
by unloading joints.
Can be used as a
unilateral
pivot appliance with only unilateral occlusal contact,
which is placed as far back as possible.
When the mouth is closed,
the pivot loads the TMJ on the opposite side and slightly unloads the TMJ on the same side.
Alignorplacecondyle-discassemblies.
Pseudo Permissive Splints
Soft Rubber Splint
Provide seven contact with
opposing teeth to relieve pain,
discomfort,
myalgia,
bruxism,
and clenching.
Effective for myogenous TMDs but less effective for arthrogenous TMDs.
Quick to fabricate for emergency use.
Hydrostatic Splint (Equalizer)
Prefabricated splint filled with fluid,
used for TMJ,
headache,
neck
and shoulder pain,
and mandibular repositioning.
Typically positioned in the maxillary arch
but may not balance occlusal contacts effectively.
Dual Laminate Splint
made from adual-laminate material,
have a hard outer shell and soft inner liner
constructed for the upper and lower arch.
The dual-laminate material can make the appliance easier to seat and can also be incorporated into other designs.
acts to absorb shock,
stabilizing the occlusion while helping prevent further damage to teeth
and the temporomandibular joint.
It also enables the dentist to gauge the extent and pattern of bruxism,
based upon examination of indentations on the surface of the splint.