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Greek Religion, Homer, Hesioid - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Then spent the night in the Abaton (an unapproachable building) - due to those being impure were not allowed in
    - - what gives the information of what people hoped to be cured of
- - - - Naos = Inner chamber
      - Promaos = enclosure/porch
      - Adyton = resticted area of the naos, oracle would be conducted
    - - Donated to the sanctuary for sacrifices, sits outside the main temple
    - - Reflects the presence of Dionysus for the parts of the year when Apollo wasn't present
    - - (Mythology) spot where Leto supposedly held her son and told him to slew Pytho
  - - - States used to demonstrate their wealth and power by having them strategically placed
      - Athenian = on the turning corner of the sacred way, ornately decorated, housed their dedications to Apollo
      - Siphnian = First completely marble temple, would be seen when coming back down, demonstrating their wealth as a more distant state
    - - Athenians initially had their dedications here, Spartans added 30 statues to try and compete with the glory Athens claimed
    - - made to consolidate all the aid of states during the Persian wars, didn't name the medisers so singled them out
    - - often would give advice on war (Eg. Wooden walls prophecy or King Croesus attacking a 'mighty empire')
- - - - 'of the boundary'
      - protector of families
      - had to be enrolled in the cult, to apply for managerial positions
      - Was an altar to this deity on the Acropolis
    - - god of individual and household well being, prosperity and childbirth
      - consulted on issues regarding property, marriage and childbirth
    - - 'phatry' = brotherhood - a subdivision of the old tribes of Athens
      - patron deity of these phatries
    - - 'of the agora'
      - had oversight the buying and selling of goods, ensuring that the administration was just
  - - - victory (such as the temple on the Acropolis)
    - - victory
    - - the virgin
    - - of the streets
  - - - Eg. Both Artemis and Eileithyia can be considered godesses who help in childbirth
      - Eg. setting up shop in the Agora, a statue of Zeus Agoraios or Hermes, god of merchants, weights and measures
- - - - if holiness is not created by the Gods, they are bound by it instead. Gods therefore aren't omniscient
    - - Holiness becomes arbitrary because the gods are the ones who create it, anything can be holy based on this principle
      - Definition of 'holiness' is changable
- - - - Team sports would be based on tribal groups (Panathenaic games)
      - Individuals would also have their 'patry' that they were a part of, sons would follow fathers into this, with its own set of deities
        
        Zeus Phratrios was the patron god of this
    - - organised funding and have specific roles and particiopation in deme worship/festivals
      - Erchia - 43 different deities/heroes, 35 cult sites and 25 days of worship per year
      - calendars specified dates, costs, animals (and their meat) and special rules for festival days
  - - - Family would go through a process of introducing new members
    - - Not an anthropomorphic deity, held in a jar in the storeroom
    - - Column and 'herm' statue by the door that warded off evil spirits
    - - had a courtyard shrine within a household, protection of the house from within
    - - care of ancestral tombs and certain levels of control over how ceremonies were performed
    - - Fathers
        
        priest as the worshipping core of the household gods
        
        personal choice to act alone or have other family members help him
        
        responsible for performing rituals for the dead in the family
      - Women
        
        Role mostly associated with public religion since they had a small role in the household
        
        important roles in female only festivals (and regular too)
        
        taking up positions of priestesses
      - Sons
        
        involved in phratries once old enough
        
        to one day take on the responsibilities of the father, assume that there is some informal training for this
      - Slaves - only a member of the oikos so can be included in ceremonies (not much else)
  - - - mainly a form of local worship - although heroes were commonly aligned with the founding of a city
      - Myth - often either a demi-god or mortal (divine ancestry)
      - arises around a tomb or shrine to where the specific hero died
      - have the same worship as gods - offerings with the same purpose
    - - Demeter the black - Arcadia (horse headed deity)
      - Zeus Naos (the spring) - Dodona
      - Poseidon Erectheus (combined the god with a hero) - Athens
    - - Polis wanted it to appeal like a panhellenic festival
      - depicted on: Parthenon frieze and Black Figure Amphora
      - promoted Athenian unity and power - literally meant 'all Athenian'
    - - Fertility festival
      - lots of drinking, dancing and singing
      - sacrifice of a goat in a cave - then whipped themselves with its skin in a running race
      - procession carrying phallic objects
    - - Athens and Olympia had buildings known as the 'Prytaneion' where her flame supposedly endlessly burned
  - - - Gods had favorites that they gave special treatment
      - serious but can be humorous
      - emphasis on immortality
      - capricious in nature
      - Inspire the writings of both
      - Required for agriculture
      - Transactional/ reciprocal relationships between mortals and gods
      - Theogeny - how to lead a moral life
      - Hesiod = 'Theogeny' and 'Works and Days'
      - Homer = The Iliad and The Odyssey
    - - Recognizable across the Greek world, depicted in common mythology with Anthropomorphic and supernatural powers
      - Olympians - 12 main pathenon of Gods, single characters but with different versions (epithets)
- - - - Day 1 - Rhapsode and musical contests
      - Day 2 - Boys and youths athletics
      - Day 3 - Mens Athletics (Boxing, Wrestling, Pankratrion etc)
      - Day 4 - Equestrian events
      - Day 5 - Tribal contests
      - Day 6 - Torch race and Pannychis (all night of feasting/partying). procession and sacrifice
      - Day 7 - Apobates (armoured horse race) and boat race
      - Day 8 - Prize giving (winners received Panathenaic amphorae filled with olive oil and some would get olive oil crowns
  - - - woven by young girls known as the Arrepphoroi
- - - - weather caused by natural phenomena, not the gods
    - - study of the order/origin of the universe
      - Cosmos = the order of the universe
- - - - most important act of piety
      - provides the gods with the savory aroma of burning bones and fat = their enjoyment of the meat
    - - Internal organs read for omens
    - - 'I give so that you might give'
      - designed to make a contact with the gods
      - could grant favours or asking for protection
    - - Fosters social cohesion
      - Communal events that brought citizens together
  - - - sacrifices established and maintained social heirarchies
      - The priesthood who oversaw the distribution of meat held high status
- - - - Show Olympia's wealth and power (panhellenic recognition)
      - 8/10 were from non-mainland states, presenting their want to be represented within the panhellenic setting
      - held offerings for Zeus at the site and perhaps state winnings
    - - Golden statues of Zeus, paid for by cheating atheletes
      - At the entrance to the stadium (had to be passed) so a reminder of punishment for cheating
    - - Held Phideus' chryselephantine statue of Zeus inside
      - Pediments presented the founding myths of the games (Pelops and Hercules)
    - - Huge altar (7m tall at one point) made from the numerous sacrifices to Zeus
      - Reminder of the religious importance to events like the games, evidence in how Zeus is liked/important at the sanctuary
    - - Separates the religious from the sporting
      - paintings and embellishments to show off wealth
      - musician based activities would occur here, competitions and enjoyment
    - - length is that of what Hercules supposedly could run in one breath
      - Most of the games and festivities would take place here
      - Start line embedded into the ground in stone (permanence)
      - Races would finish facing the Altis - Zeus can therefore see, brings back the religious elements
  - - - This way competition would in theory stay friendly and not be tainted by hosility
    - - The temple of Hera would be the main attraction for these games, especially in receiving worship
- - - - Sanctuary of Athena with priestesses in the Parthenon (head priestess of Athena Polias)
      - This priestess had to come from the Eleoboutadae family and was appointed for life
    - - Oversaw religious rituals during his 1 year term
      - decided how much funding the sanctuaries of Athens recieved
      - Presided over homocide trials
  - - - Hesiod - emphasis on cleanliness before performing sacrifices
      - Proper respect for the gods and their power