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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Coggle Diagram
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
B - brief history
- what has brought you in today?
- what are symptoms?
- any risk factors (FHx/SHx)
INTRODUCTION
- wash hands
- introduce name + role
- confirm patient's name + DOB
- ASK CONSENT
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U - understanding
- what do you think is causing your symptoms?
- what do you know about this condition?
- what has been explained to you so far?
E - explanation
1. Normally
- carbohydrates that we eat are broken down into sugar and released into the blood
- sugar is needed for fuel for all the cells that make up our body
- there is an important chemical called insulin that acts like a key to unlock the cells and let the sugar into the cells
- this chemical is produced in an organ in your body called the pancreas
2. What is is?
- the pancreas stops producing insulin
- this means sugar is no longer able to enter cells
- sugar starts building up in the blood
3. Causes
- T1DM is an autoimmune condition
- this means your body attacks its own healthy tissues
- in T1DM the cells in the pancreas are destroyed
- the body no longer makes its own insulin
- unfortunately nothing can be done to prevent this
- it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic + environmental triggers
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5. Management
medications
- "the only treatment for T1DM is insulin which you will be trained to self-administer via an injection under the skin"
- "safe use requires regular monitoring of blood sugars with a finger prick or use of continuous via sensory placed on the back of you arm"
- "specialist team will support you in finding correct dose"
lifestyle
"important to follow healthy lifestyle to reduce risk of complications"
- "eating diet low in fat + salt
- weight loss
- physical activity
- limit alcohol + smoking"
sick day rules
- "illnesses + infection can increase your blood sugar levels"
- "it is important you are aware of this as it is crucial to keep taking insulin and eating meals as normal"
- "you will need to monitor your BG more frequently"
- "if not getting better or any questions, seek urgent medical attention"
monitoring
"important that you check blood sugar levels frequently, specifically before meals, bedtime and before you drive"
there are specific driving regulations for T1DM
- you must inform DVLA of new diagnosis
- blood sugars must be above 5 before drive
- must test blood sugars every 2 hours when driving
- have a short acting carb readily available before driving
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"you will also need to attend appointments regulalrly so we can monitor for any complciations and blood sugar control"
- annual cardiovascular monitoring
- annual vaccinations
- annual foot checks
- eye check = at diagnosis then annually
S - summarise
"summarise to close - we have talked about diabetes, what it is, how to manage it and some complications"
"I understand this is a lot of information to take in so here is a leaflet and a website to visit summarising what weve discussed"
"will put you in touch with the diabetic specialist nurse and if you've any questions feel free to contact me or them"
"I will refer you to a structure education program/support group to learn more about managing your diabetes if you would like?"
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