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Second Wave of Immigration (1820-1890) - Coggle Diagram
Second Wave of Immigration (1820-1890)
Background
After American Revolution
Focus on political stability
Assimilation into Anglo-American culture
Immigration slowed
Some groups kept traditions
Dutch
Germans
Most adopted American customs
Causes of Immigration
Population growth in Europe
Population doubled
Unemployment
Land shortages
Agricultural modernization
Rural workers displaced
Industrialization
Traditional lifestyles disrupted
Religious persecution
German Jews
Political instability
Political dissidents
Stage Migration
Move to European cities
Then migrate to America
Why the USA Attracted Immigrants
Better opportunities
Abundant land
Higher waves
Economic mobility
Transportation improvements
Safer
Cheaper
Faster
Letters from relatives
Encouraged chain migration
Homestead Act (1862)
Free/cheap land
California Gold Rush
Prospect of wealth
15.5 million immigrants
Germany
Ireland
Britain
Scandinavia
Canada
China
Switzerland
Netherlands
Settlement & Employment
Northeast cities
Industrial centers
Midwest frontier
Pacific Coast
Jobs
Factories
Mines
Railroads
Domestic service
Different Immigrant Experiences
British
Language similarity
Culture similarity
Assimilated easily
Germans
Some prejudice
Scandinavians
Some prejudice
Irish
Strongest discrimination
Anti-Catholic sentiment
Negative stereotypes
Nativism & Restrictions
Nativism
Anti-immigrant movement
Strong in 1850s
Know Nothing Party
Limited immigrant rights
Targeted Irish Catholics
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Racism
Fear of job competition
Ended Chinese immigration