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UK, USA AND ITALY SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
UK, USA AND ITALY SYSTEMS
1. Government & Constitutions
The UK
Constitutional Monarchy with an unwritten constitution.
The King is Head of State but has no decision power ("reigns but doesn't rule").
The USA
Federal Republic with a short, written Constitution (1787).
The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights.
Italy
Democratic Republic with a written and rigid Constitution (1948).
The President of the Republic is Head of State and guarantees unity.
2. Legislative & Executive Powers
The UK
Legislative: Parliament with House of Commons (elected) and House of Lords (non-elected).
Executive: Prime Minister and a Cabinet of 20 senior ministers.
The USA
Legislative: Congress with House of Representatives (by population) and Senate (2 per state).
Executive: The President is Head of State, Government, and Commander-in-Chief.
Italy
Legislative: Parliament with a perfect bicameral system (Chamber of Deputies and Senate).
Executive: The Government led by the Prime Minister (President of the Council).
3. Civil Law vs Common Law
Civil Law (Italy)
Based on written statutory codes derived from ancient Roman law.
Judges must strictly apply the written laws to resolve cases.
Common Law (UK & USA)
Based on past judicial decisions and legal precedents.
Judges must follow previous court judgments (binding precedent).
US Supreme Court
Highest court in the USA, with 9 judges confirmed by the Senate.