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THE DARK TRIAD - Coggle Diagram
THE DARK TRIAD
NARCISSISM (Raskin & Hall, 1979)
grandiosity, dominance, entitlement, egotism
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general self-enhancement (biased self-rating, over-claiming)
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Components of Narcissism (Back et al. (2013), Miller et al. (2021)
adaptive (admiration)
high agency - assertive, confident, dominant, self-sufficient, high self-esteem
maladaptive (rivalry)
low communion - puts down others, entitled, exploitative, defensive, hostile
current model of Narcissism: Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC) (Back et al., 2013)
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MACHIAVELLIANISM (Christie & Geis, 1970)
manipulativeness, cynicism, prahmatic morality
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Components of Machiavellianism are less clear (Hunter et al., 1982)
PSYCHOPATHY (Hare, 1991)
impulsivity, thrill-seeking, lack of empathy or anxiety
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Three correlated constructs (Paulhus & Williams, 2002)
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A fourth member: Dark Tetrad?
Everday SADISM (Buckels, Jones & Paulhus, 2013)
callousness, enjoyment of cruelty, seek opportunities to cause suffering
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shares 'dark core' of low agreeableness, empathy and honestly/humility
predicts vandalism, online trolling behaviour (Sest & March, 2017), and enjoyment of violent video games (Greitemeyer et al., 2019)
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Sexual behaviour
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all signs of low K-factor >> supported by direct correlation between Dark Triad (mostly P) and self-reported K (Jonason et al., 2010a)
Aggression
Self-reports (Jonason & Webster, 2010)
Narcissism >> hostility, reactive ("narcissitstic rage")
Machiavellianism >> physical, verbal, and hostility
Psychopathy >> physical, verbal, and premeditated aggression
Narcissism and observed aggressive behaviour (Bushman & Baumeister, 1998)
Cruelty
Buckels et al. (2013)
Study 1 - Sadism:
- choice of task
- higher pleasure after killing bugs than other tasks
Study 2:
- Sadism and Psychopathy >> white-noise blasts to innocent opponent
- only Sadism >> willing to work in order to blast opponent with white noise
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Workplace implications
Pros
Narcissism:
- confident
- like being leaders
- can be visionary
Machiavellianism:
- good at networking
- publicly behave in socially desirable ways
Psychopathy:
- emotionless
- ruthless
- achievement-focused
Cons
Narcissism:
- free-ride
- aggressive
- uncommitted
Machiavellianism:
- unethical
- manipulative
- untrustworthy
Psychopathy:
- take risks
- lack empathy
- disregard others/responsibilities
- antisocial