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Globalisation EQ2 - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation EQ2
Global shift => Winner and losers
Global shift from E7 to G7 due to cheaper production cost, greater population of people, and minimum wage in malaysia.
Enabled by the Open Door Policy, New areas for manufacturing and outsourcing service, increase in FDI
Winner- China
Global trade value rose from 3% in 2001 to 10% by 2013
Between 1981 to 2010, poverty in Chinese population reduced by 280 million
Increase of urban income to US 9000 annually
Loser- China
30 million hectares of productive farmland lost
Increase in unplanned settlements
70% of China's rivers and lakes are polluted
Winners
Increased living standard and poverty reduction, reduction in unemployment, increase in wealth to invest, and increased training opportunities
New market for TNC's to expand into, increase in tourism as more families can afford to travel
Loser
Air and water pollution, increase in slums, increase in unemployment, slow growth in economies, loss of productive farmland
Lower job security in E7's, environment and pollution, increase in unplanned settlement
De-industrialisation, dereliction, deprivation, spiral of decline
Concerns around the culture and physical environment
Westernisation- most successful at projecting their own culture around the globe in the previous century.
Cultural imperialism- when a culture is being forced/ projected onto other parts of the world
Soft power- culture is spread without any force, disproportionate influence over global culture
McDonaldization- Global brands selling the same products and have identical stores across the world
Homogenisation- Everywhere is becoming the same and cultures become similar
Cultural erosion is the reduction at certain aspects of culture due to outside influence.
Monoculture- Existence of 1 culture in a geographical area
Sceptics- One extreme of supporting trade, but countries should still protect their interests
Transformationalists- Pragmatic of hybrid multi-culture
Hyper-globalisers; Cultures become more homogenised
Cultural diffusion is the movement of good, services and people across borders allowing the oppurtunities of 1 type of culture to influence another
Increases convenience and accessibility, cultural understanding, spread of information, spread of information, and increase job opportunities, increase acceptance
Loss of cultural identity, racial tensions, loss of tourism, loss of tribal communities
Anti-globalisation- a group of different protest causes.
Environmentalism, 3rd world debt, child labours, anarchism, anti-capitalist, and opposition to multinationals
Consequence of economic migration and globalisation
Rural-urban migration= rapid urban growth creates social and environmental challenges
60% of urban growth is caused by rural-urban migration and 40% by high birth rates in cities
China has seen 150 million internal rural-mirgration since the Open Door Policy --> creation of 7 megacities
Negetive consequences
Short supply of housing= growth of slums, lack of water and power supplies
Low wages and supply of jobs= dangerous informal jobs
Lack of taxes= city governments struggle to supply essential health and education services
Lack of water and sanitation= disease and illnesses in slums
Deforestation and loss of farmland= increases flood risk
Higher air pollution levels
Rivers and lakes are polluted= health problems
Critical resources in short supply
Megacity- A city with a population of over 10 million people
International migration
Deepen interdependence between regions and mass low-wage economic migration
TNCS located in global hubs to attract high-paid professional workers
Global elite migrants hire maids, and drivers= attracts low skilled migrants
2015, 27% of the UAE's population was from India
Benefits
Source country
Boosting remittances= 25% of Nepal's GDP
Less unemployment
Cultural diffusion
Reducing pressure of large population
Host country
Migrants filling low wage, and high demanding work
Counteract ageing population
Increased economic benefits form migrants
Costs
Source country
Loss of skilled and educated workers = negative multiplier effect
Families broken up= no care for older people
Mass emigration leads to failure to provide homes
Host country
Increased cost of education for the foreign immigrants
Social tensions due to increase demands for education, and health
Cultural tensions with migrant population
Loss of green space and overcrowding