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Unit 2 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2
Milgrams study
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Qualitative results included signs of distress e.g. sweating, seizures, tembling etc.
Validity
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Generalisation = to generalise the results beyond the particular research setting to understand everyday life
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Validity = how true something is as an explaination of beaviour and involves issues of control, realism and generalisability aand whether something is genuine.
External validity = how well we can generalise results to different settings, people and times.
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Extraaneous variables = a variable in research that is not the main variable of interest but can still affect the outcome of the study if not controlled as they cn cause error, inaccurate results and affect the DV.
Confounding variables = something about the experiment that favours one group over the other can create an ilusion of a relationship between variables because they affect the DV and cause inaccurate results if not controlled.
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Hypothesis
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Directional hypothesis = states the direction of the relationship between the two variables (e.g. more, less, higher, lower).
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Non-directional hypothesis = does not state the direction of the relationship between the two variables ("there is a difference").
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Null hypothesis = the assumption of no relationship between the variabes ("There is no difference").
Variables
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Operationalisation = ensuring that variables are in a form that can be tested easily (figuring out how to measure something)
Experiment = a research method where a casual conclusion can be made as an independent variable is changed to observe the effect on the dependent variable.
Standardised procedures = a set of procedures that are the same fir all participants so the study can be repeated.
Pilot study = a small scale trial run of a study to test any aspects of the design so improvements can be made and to see what works without spending too much money.
Confederate = an indiidual in the study who is not a reak participant and has been instructed how to behave and participants usually are not aware of confederates (basically an actor).
Sociak desirability = people distort the way that they answer or behave to present themselves in a better light.
Demand characteristics = participants try to guess the aim f the study and alter their behaviour to try and be helpful/unhelpful but their behaviour is unnatural.