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Functionalism - Coggle Diagram
Functionalism
Durkheim
Boundary Maintenance
Produces an unhappiness or anger towards crime and enforces a baseline for crime; also uniting people. Punishment to reinforce societies norms and value
Social Cohesion
Punishment is to reinforce collective sentiments.
'serves to heal the wounds done to the collective sentiments'
Adaption & Change
Some social deviance is necessary to allow society to move forward and progress. Without some deviant and criminal behaviour society will become stagnant and die.
Challenge + change society's existing norms and values.
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Merton
Everyone has a collective goal towards economic stability, owning home in a hospitable neighbourhood.
the 'American dream'. When people are unable to reach this, they form a type of subculture.
Innovator: Same goal, different method
Ritualists: Continue to work within the system but abandon the method
Retreatist: Abandoned both goals and methods
Rebellion: Abandoned both goals and methods.
Laurie Taylor (1971)
- Not carrying his analysis far enough
- Failing to consider who creates laws and who benefits from them.
Kingsley Davis
Prostitution acts as a safety valve for the release of men's sexual frustrations without threatening the monogamous nuclear family
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Kai Erikson
if deviance performs positive functions, perhaps it means society is actually organised as to promote deviance. The true functions of agencies of social control such as the police may actually be to sustain a certain level of crime rather than to rid society of it
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Subcultural theories
Hirschi's 4 social bonds
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If any one of these is missing, it increases the likelihood of criminal or deviant behaviour. This is because these social bonds tie people to society and when they feel disconnected, they are more likely to commit crime.