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Epidemiologic Approach to Disease Prevention, Control - Coggle Diagram
Epidemiologic Approach to Disease Prevention, Control
Levels of Prevention
Primordial: Underlying social/environmental conditions.
Primary: Prevents disease onset (health promotion + specific protection).
Secondary: Early detection and prompt treatment.
Tertiary: Rehabilitation.
Control vs. Elimination vs. Eradication
Term
Definition
Intervention Needed
Control
Elimination
Eradication
Permanent reduction to zero worldwide; microorganism no longer exists in nature.
No longer needed (e.g., smallpox).
Reduction of incidence/prevalence to locally acceptable level.
Reduction to zero incidence in a defined geographic area.
Continued measures to prevent re-establishment.
Continuous efforts.
Strategies to Break Chain (Prevent/Control Communicable Diseases)
Attack the Reservoir: Isolation of cases, treatment, detection of carriers, disinfection (concurrent/terminal), control of animal reservoirs.
Interrupt Transmission: Environmental sanitation (water, sewage, food), vector control (insecticides, nets), health education, control of airborne spread (difficult).
Protect Susceptible Host: Surveillance, quarantine, immunization (active/passive), chemoprophylaxis, herd immunity (e.g., measles requires 95% immunity).