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Chemistry Paper 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Rule: If you increase the pressure, the system tries to reduce it.
      - The Shift: It shifts to the side with fewer molecules of gas (it takes up less space).
      - Example: $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$
        
        Left side = 4 molecules. Right side = 2 molecules.
        
        Increase pressure $\rightarrow$ Shifts Right (towards 2 molecules).
- - - - fired alpha particals at gold foil
      - most went through proving that the attom is mostly empty space
      - some were deflected at angles proving that there is a positive center
      - a few bounced strait back proving that the middle is very small and dense
  - - - a new type of radiation came out that could displace protons this was uncharged and he called this the neutron
- - - - high melting/boiling points
      - conduct electricity only when moltern or disolved
  - - - diamond
      - graphite
  - - - can conduct electricity
      - can counduct h
      - alloys: Mixed metals that are harder because different sized atoms distort the layers, stopping them from sliding.
- - - - Strong Acids (e.g., $HCl$): Completely ionise in water.
      - Weak Acids (e.g., Ethanoic acid): Only partially ionise. This is a reversible reaction!
- - - - Activation Energy: The minimum energy needed for particles to react.
      - In an Exothermic graph, the products are lower than the reactants.
      - In an Endothermic graph, the products are higher than the reactants.