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Islam (submission to God) - Coggle Diagram
Islam (submission to God)
ALLAH & CORE BELIEFS
Tawheed — the absolute oneness/unity of God; the central doctrine of Islam
Opposite: Shirk — associating partners with God; the gravest sin in Islam
Al-Kitab — "the Book"; refers to divine scripture revealed to prophets
People of the Book — Jews, Christians, and Muslims who share Abrahamic scriptures
THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD
Mohammad — the final prophet and messenger of Allah (born ~570 CE, Mecca)
Gabriel — the angel (Jibril) who revealed the Quran to Muhammad
Mecca — Muhammad's birthplace; holiest city in Islam; contains the Kaaba
Medina — city Muhammad fled to in the Hijra (622 CE); where Islam grew as a community
Abu Bakr — Muhammad's closest companion and first caliph after Muhammad's death
SCRIPTURE & TRADITION
Quran — the holy book of Islam; the direct word of Allah as revealed to Muhammad
Hadith — recorded sayings and actions of Muhammad; second source of Islamic law and guidance
THE FIVE PILLARS (Arkan al-Islam)
Zakat — obligatory charity; giving ~2.5% of savings to those in need
Sawm — fasting during Ramadan, the holy month; abstaining from food/drink from dawn to sunset
Salat — daily prayer performed 5 times a day (dawn, midday, afternoon, sunset, night)
Hajj — pilgrimage to Mecca; required once in a lifetime for those able; performed in Dhul Hijjah
Shahadah — confession of faith: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger"
ETHICS & LAW
Theocracy — governance by divine/religious law; Islamic states that apply Sharia politically
Sharia — Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith; governs religious, ethical, and civic life
Jihad — "struggle"
Greater Jihad — the internal struggle to be a better Muslim; spiritual self-discipline
Lesser Jihad — external struggle; historically includes defense of the faith
DIVISIONS & SECTS
Sh'ia — believe leadership should have passed to Ali (Muhammad's cousin/son-in-law); emphasis on imams
Sufism — mystical dimension of Islam; focuses on inner, spiritual experience of God through devotion and practice
Sunni — largest branch (~85–90%); follow the Sunnah (practices of Muhammad); Abu Bakr as first caliph
