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Falls in Older Adults - Coggle Diagram
Falls in Older Adults
The Physiological Effects on Aging Muscles
sarcopenia- loss of muscle mass, quality and function
falls, mortality, frailty, immobility, functional decline
Aging Muscles
Mass
muscle mass
lost
more fat mass
gained
Strength
decreases with age muscle fibres reduced from 25yrs
type II fast switch decrease in size and number
type I slow twitch increase in area but not size
Muscle Function Loss
i.e loss of spinal motor neurons and motor units reduces maximal o2 consumption
Individual Differences
sense of tastre, smell, chewing issues, salivary glands shrink food choices change msucel coordination decreases
Lower Protein Intake -->
Negative Nitrogen Balance
loss of
lean
body mass (without fat)
anabolic resistance- less stimulation of muscle
protein synthesis
rate to common anabolic stimuli e.g. exercise in skeletal muscle tissue
OVERCOME: high dose of protein ingestion (but may not increase muscle mass)
Lower Physical Activity
exercise prevents muscle strength, mass and protein lsynthesis oss
Old Muscles Dysregulated Mechanism
Glucose Tolerance
determined by balance of insulin secretion & action decreases with age
AKt/mTOR signalling axis --> increase in protein sysnthesis 2. restores insulin sensitivity
increases muscle capillarisation and mitochondrial glands --> more energy
Reduces muscle fat mass
Physical Activity & Falls
disability, pain, loss of indpoendence, loss of confidence, loss of life
Osteoporosis & Osteoporotic fracture
Intrinsic Risk Factors: balance issues, vitamin D insufficiency vision impairment sarcopenia causing fatigue foot/ankle disorder medial conditions e.g. stroke dementia arthiriits
Extrinsic Risk Factor: poor lightning and heating., pets, thresholds and door, paths and driveway footwear & clothing
Behavuioural Risk Factor: rushing, habitual risky behaviour, drug misuse, lack of phsycical activity, footwear and clothign, opoor det and fluid intake inappropriate use or refusal to aid e.g dementia