CodeAid [60], CodeHelp [ 86, 133 ], WorkedGen [ 57], LLM Hint Factory [158 ], Tutor Kai [ 52 ], CodeTutor [ 90 ], GPTeach [96 ], Charlie the Coding Cow [ 103 ], KOGI [78 ], NetLogo Chat [24 ], Promptly [ 33 , 34 ], IPSSC [85 ], CS50 Duck [ 87 ], Gilt [ 100 ], CodeTailor [ 50], and a variety of others that lacked names [76, 97, 101, 156]