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Chapter 27: Archaea and Bacteria - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 27: Archaea and Bacteria
Prokaryotes
Definition: Single-Celled organisms that make up domains Bacteria and Archaea
Characteristics
Extremophiles
Unicellular
Smaller than eukaryotes
Shapes
Cocci (Sphere)
Bacilli (Rods)
Spirals
Cell-Surface Structures
Cell Wall
Maintains shape, protects the cell
Contains peptidoglycan
Definition: Network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides
Capsule
Definition: Dense and well-defined sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein
Slime layer
Definition: Not well organized layer
Endospores
Definition: metabolically inactive, forms when water or nutrients are lacking
Fimbriae
Definition: Hair-like appendages that allow them to stick to their substrate
Pili
Definition: Longer than fimbriae and pull cells together
Motility
Taxis
Definition: Ability to move toward or away from a stimulus
Chemotaxis
Definition: Movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus
Flagella
Definition: Most common form of movement
Internal Organization and DNA
Less DNA and fewer proteins than eukaryotes
No nucleus
Nucleoid
One circular chromosome
Definition: Region with no membrane
Plasmids
Definition: Small rings of independently replicating DNA
Eukaryotes
Cell walls
Cellulose
Chitin
Gram Stain
Definition: Classify bacteria by cell wall composition
Gram Positive
Definition: More peptidoglycan, simpler walls
Targeted by antibiotics
Gram Negative
Definition: Less peptidoglycan, more complex
More resistant to antibiotics