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Chapter 1, Ch 10 ( Dimesions of delivery ), Chapter 2 (Mistakes in…
Chapter 1
What is Public Speaking
Speech. In, by and for the public
Public speaking is a form of Public Discourse
It is important skill that will be used beyond this course and beyond college
Public speaking is goal-oriented
Public speaking is always goal oriented
Minor goals - small targeted has the speaker hopes to achieve (Reduce “Ums”)
Primary goals - single overarching achievement of the entire speech (Persuade, inform and praise)
Public speaking in morals and ethics
Morals: Personal and consistent
Ehtics : Socially-defined and changers in different contexts
Guidelines for determining acceptable & unacceptable conduct in life
Public speaking is a form of communication
Standard model of communication
Included encoding, decoding and feed back.
End-coding - puts message in a format for communication
Decoding- Interpret message from format of communication
Feedback- verbal and non-verbal receiver
Public speeching is a free expression
Free expression - Human-right to share ideas and opinions with other without interference from government or other forms of authority
Ch 10 ( Dimesions of delivery )
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Prounciations
Rate
Vocal Varitey : How loud
Posutre
Volume and breathing
Gestures , Proxemics
Chapter 2 (Mistakes in speaking across difference
Generalizing our experience
We assume our own experience in the world has been the same as everyone else’s experience
Bias
Refers to the interpretation of the world in a way that only reflects our own limited experiences
Stereotyping
Is the projection of a bias onto a catergoy or group of people so that we assume all people in a group, act, think or believe the same way
Ethnocentrism
The belief that ones own culture is superior to others
Speaking for others
When we speak on behalf of other people, we always believe we are doing something helpful.
Defensive speaking and listening
Both speakiers and listeners assume their view-points, opinions or arguments will be met with hostility.
Disengagement
CH4 (Dimsions of speaking situation
The speaker: Without the speaker there can be no public speaking
The audience : is a gathering of individuals addressed by a speaker who are asked to changed their opinion or actions bas on the speakers address.
Also can not exist without
The occasion: the event or moment a speech is meant to mark. (Decorum: style or formality)
The time : Refers to the length of time that they are required or expected to speaking
The environment: Where you give your speech often matters as much.
The immediacy: How close or proximate we are to the audience
Ch11 (Kinds of speaking aids)
Visual aids (Presentation/ pictures )
Audio aids
Haptic aids: Touch , texture
Olfactory aids: smells
Digital & Envirormental
16 Policy speaking’s
Characteristics of policy
Foucsing on fixing public problem
Challenging the status quo
Identifying policy experts
Need/plan/Is it reasonable
Speaking for eloquence :
Calling for action
Anicipating counter arguments
Persuding people on plicy is hard
Confirmation bias :
Pertiasnhip
Policy as identity
intolerance and security
Back fire effect
Persuasion that works
Relevance and engagement
Repetitoins
Empathy & perspective -talking
Moral reframing
Antcpaitng counter arguments and disadvantages
Organizing for persuasion
Problem -solutions
Problem -cause
Comparative advantage
speech in which speaker identifies a problem of public concerns and advocates a particular course of action to resolve or mimize the problem
Ch5
What is an argument?: well supported and well reasoned assertion about the world as it is or should be.
Claim : Statment that coveys a persons sense of how the world is
Thesis statement : Declarative sentence/ central argument of the speech
Main points: Supports he thesis
Sub points make assertions
Failure of argument : Logical Fallacies
Unclear arguments : Speaker has not clearly stated their case
Unsupported arguments : Speaker fails to provide any support
Unethcial arguments : fail because speakers argument is done for immoral behavior
Arguments made on the wrong terms : made a strong case but wrong context
Evidence : credible information about the world as it is or should be that is used to support the claim . ( Mostly placed with main/subpoints
Warrant: Form of reasoning that connects evidence to a claims.
Ch 14 Informative speaking
Form of speaking which empowers other to decide or act
Examples of informative speaking in the real world
Briefings(Summaries of main points)
Public adisvoires : Speech that provide the audience with people with info of events at the time
Tesimony
Lecture
Tutorials
Speaking for clarity and being informative
Sigintcant and explicit evidence
Ch 6
Researching topics
Topic selection : (Brain storming, Randomization, Freed association (pick a word /concept), Mindlessness, Be in nature, AI, Sutdy abstract, Events, Tredning , talking it’s another person.
Selecting topic : What is the main goal of this speech, what you know/care about, what does my audience know or care about, which topic works best, manageable
Researching ethically
Plagiarism : CHecking/ rephrasing
Using quotes , citing sources , worked cited
Researching evidence
Relevant evidence , is the topic current, academic sources , check for biases
CH 8
Impromptu Speking and topoi
Refers to giving a speech with like prparation
Speaking about experiences , from heart, for general audience
Topoi common Lins of arguments that are applicable for almost any topic (Possible/immposible, cause and ffect , past/future)
Extermporaneous speaking and outlines
Defined as speech delivered with preparation from. A loose set of notes /dieas
Outlines : written doc with organized ifnro and ideas for speech delivery
Section headers
Points and subpoints
Corrdinatin nu,Byers and letter
Manuscript s[eeaking and other prepared texts
Consists of delivering a speech from a text that is written out word for word
Delivery notes
CH 12
Listening as audience member
Listening support : How to support the speaker
Listening to understand
Listen to empathize: feel something new
Listenign to engage
Litening to critique
Listening as a speaker
Listening to anticipate :
Listening to respond
Listen to grow
What is listening again?
Active listening is the process of absorbing another persons communication
Ch 15
Characteristic
Choose a controversial problem
Be audience focused
Use multiple prepesitive ordering patterns
honest broker
apportriate langue
Facilitating dialogue
Opened question
Pause for participation
Prepare questions
Ask for opposing view points
Deliberating wicked problems
problem hat have not technical solutions
Ch 17 Commemortative speaking
speech that praises a person place or event
A speech values
adress in which speakier sets out a particular admirable belief
Speech types
Toast
Introducotry remarks
Acceptance
Commemment
Dedication
Eulogy
Chp3
Mythd about public Speaking
Evryboody is naturally good at communcicator
Either you have it or you don’t
Public speaking is reading aloud
Substance without style or style over substance, sounds like a robot
Speed solves everything
Procrastination
Wing it
Picturing the audience naked
Anxiety
Piblic speaking anxiety: Common form of nervousness people feel before during or after speaking in groups of people.
Communictaion apprehension : Broad term for the many types of anxieties people have about communication .
Ch 7 (Structures)
Order?
Indto
Attention getter
Thesis statement
Relevance statement
Crediablity
Main point & Subpoints
Preview
Body of speech
Transitions
CH9 Speaking for entertainment
is at skewing style that uses complex word play and ambiguity to give audience a sense of joy
Ambigutiy : unclear . Vague descriptoion
Iron: oppistion form speake rmeanin
Self- Deprecation. Mocking or poking fun at oneself